ArticleLeukemia2021
Nanoparticle T-cell engagers as a modular platform for cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Leukemia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Membrane-Bound Multimodal Plasmonic Transducers for Noninvasive, In Situ Monitoring and Control of CAR T Cells Against Heterogeneous Solid Tumors.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Targeting METTL3/m6A/SOCS3 axis reprograms tumor-associated macrophage polarization to potentiate the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in multiple myeloma.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Decoding immunotherapy resistance in multiple myeloma: genetic insights and approaches to counter resistance.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology Meets Immunotherapy: Crosstalks Against Cancer.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Oxygen-carrying nanovaccine potentiates cancer immunotherapy for heterogeneous solid tumors.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine Meets Immunotherapy: Transforming Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Treatment for Solid Tumors.Small science · 2026Review
- Bi-Functional Topospecific Nanoparticles to Promote Immune-Tumor Cell Engagement as A New Immunotherapeutic Strategy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Bispecific antibodies and nanotechnology: a strategic alliance in cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Bispecific Nanosystems Enable Multieffector Immune Cell Retargeting for Hematologic Malignancy Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Nanotechnology for immuno-oncology.Nature cancer · 2025Review
- Exploring cellular plasticity and resistance mechanisms in lung cancer: Innovations and emerging therapies.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Plasma membrane-coated nanoparticles and membrane vesicles to orchestrate multimodal antitumor immunity.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Unveiling nanoparticle-immune interactions: how super-resolution imaging illuminates the invisible.Nanoscale · 2025Review
- Engineering Nanoparticles to Modulate Extracellular Matrix and Immune Components of the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy.Biomaterials research · 2025Review
- IL-10R inhibition reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and reverses drug resistance in multiple myeloma.Leukemia · 2024Article
- Engineering Functional Particles to Modulate T Cell Responses.Accounts of materials research · 2024Article
- Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Nanoparticle targeting of neutrophil glycolysis prevents lung ischemia-reperfusion injury.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Targeted Delivery Strategies for Multiple Myeloma and Their Adverse Drug Reactions.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Harnessing Nanotechnology: Emerging Strategies for Multiple Myeloma Therapy.Biomolecules · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T-cell-based immunotherapy, such as CAR-T cells and bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), has shown promising clinical outcomes in many cancers; however, these therapies have significant limitations, such as poor pharmacokinetics and the ability to target only one antigen on the cancer cells. In multiclonal diseases, these therapies confer the development of antigen-less clones, causing tumor escape and relapse. In this study, we developed nanoparticle-based bispecific T-cell engagers (nanoBiTEs), which are liposomes decorated with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting T cells, and mAbs targeting the cancer antigen. We also developed a nanoparticle that targets multiple cancer antigens by conjugating multiple mAbs against multiple cancer antigens for T-cell engagement (nanoMuTEs). NanoBiTEs and nanoMuTEs have a long half-life of about 60 h, which enables once-a-week administration instead of continuous infusion, while maintaining efficacy in vitro and in vivo. NanoMuTEs targeting multiple cancer antigens showed greater efficacy in myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo, compared to nanoBiTEs targeting only one cancer antigen. Unlike nanoBiTEs, treatment with nanoMuTEs did not cause downregulation (or loss) of a single antigen, and prevented the development of antigen-less tumor escape. Our nanoparticle-based immuno-engaging technology provides a solution for the major limitations of current immunotherapy technologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.