ArticleScientific reports2021
The associations between serum trace elements and bone mineral density in children under 3 years of age.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- A young child formula with Limosilactobacillus reuteri and GOS modulates gut microbiome and enhances bone and muscle development: a randomized trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Article
- Research advances of copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in orthopedic diseases.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Serum Magnesium and Bone Health in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study From South Asia.Cureus · 2026Article
- Association of serum ferritin with bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in children and adolescents: Finding from NHANES 1999-2002.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Impact of Maternal Exposure to Trace Metal Mixtures on Bone Mineral Density in Children Aged 3-6: Results from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort, China.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- The Association between Serum Copper and Bone Mineral Density among Adolescents Aged 12 to 19 in the United States.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Article
- Carnosine, Zinc and Copper: A Menage a Trois in Bone and Cartilage Protection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Factors influencing the bone mineral density in Duroc boars.Porcine health management · 2023Article
- Copper/Zinc Ratio in Childhood and Adolescence: A Review.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Article
- Copper regulation of immune response and potential implications for treating orthopedic disorders.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We examined the associations of age and serum magnesium, iron, lead, copper, and zinc levels with bone mineral density (BMD) in 2412 children under 3 years of age in order to find a tool to monitor BMD in children without the use of expensive imaging techniques. One-way ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to determine the associations of age and serum trace elements with BMD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to test the correlation of five serum trace elements with BMD after adjustments for potential confounding factors in children under 3 years of age. Significant associations between age and four serum trace elements and BMD were found. Compared to the group with the lowest serum levels detected, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the incidence of normal bone mineral density in the third magnesium concentration tertile, the third iron concentration tertile, the fifth copper concentration quintile, the third zinc concentration quintile, and the fifth zinc concentration quintile were 1.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.67), 1.43 (95% CI 1.11-1.84), 1.42 (95% CI 1.04-1.94), 1.46 (95% CI 1.05-2.04), and 1.48 (95% CI 1.06-2.06), respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between serum lead level and BMD in this study. Age and serum magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc levels are positively associated with BMD in children under 3 years old.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.