ArticleScientific reports2021
Metagenomic insights of the infant microbiome community structure and function across multiple sites in the United States.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotics in Term Infants: Clinical Impact of Infant-Type Bifidobacteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Specific gut microbiome signatures and the associated pro-inflamatory functions are linked to pediatric allergy and acquisition of immune tolerance.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- New Insights into the Composition of the Early-Life Gut Microbiome: A Metagenomic Analysis of Fecal Samples in Children Up to 18 Months of Age.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2026Article
- Safety, tolerability, and gastrointestinal effect of a Bifidobacterium-based synergistic synbiotic in infants and toddlers.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Article
- Breastfeeding may lessen socioeconomic disparities in child health through differences in the infant gut microbiome.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Distinct infant resistome trajectories shaped by country income and geography revealed through global metagenomics reanalysis.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Impact of phage enrichment on the observed infant gut phageome.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
- Understanding the bacteriome, phageome and phage-associated bacteriome in healthy Vietnamese children under two years of age.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Early-life colonization by aromatic-lactate-producing bifidobacteria lowers the risk of allergic sensitization.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Significant strain microdiversity in mother-infant dyad cohorts across ethnic groups reveals population specificity of bifidobacteria microbiota transmission.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Cesarean section and socioeconomic status are associated with Bifidobacterium abundance and intestinal physiology: observations from a cross-sectional study in formula-fed infants.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Emergent roles of infant gut microbes during the utilization of human milk oligosaccharides.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Abundance ofmSphere · 2025Article
- Human gut Bifidobacteria strains regulate host longevity via shared and divergent mechanisms inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Metagenomic Analysis of the Gastrointestinal Phageome and Incorporated Dysbiosis in Children with Persistent Diarrhea of Unknown Etiology in Vietnam.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrative genomic reconstruction reveals heterogeneity in carbohydrate utilization across human gut bifidobacteria.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Transmission of maternal oral pathobionts to the infant gut predisposes offspring to exacerbated enteritis.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Vitamin biosynthesis in the gut: interplay between mammalian host and its resident microbiota.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in early life, protecting newborns from enteric pathogens, promoting immune system development and providing key functions to the infant host. Currently, there are limited data to broadly assess the status of the US healthy infant gut microbiome. To address this gap, we performed a multi-state metagenomic survey and found high levels of bacteria associated with enteric inflammation (e.g. Escherichia, Klebsiella), antibiotic resistance genes, and signatures of dysbiosis, independent of location, age, and diet. Bifidobacterium were less abundant than generally expected and the species identified, including B. breve, B. longum and B. bifidum, had limited genetic capacity to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), while B. infantis strains with a complete capacity for HMOs utilization were found to be exceptionally rare. Considering microbiome composition and functional capacity, this survey revealed a previously unappreciated dysbiosis that is widespread in the contemporary US infant gut microbiome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.