Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33479026›Full record

ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2021

In situ immunogenic clearance induced by a combination of photodynamic therapy and rho-kinase inhibition sensitizes immune checkpoint blockade response to elicit systemic antitumor immunity against intraocular melanoma and its metastasis.

Seohyun Kim, Seong A Kim, Gi-Hoon Nam, Yeonsun Hong, Gi Beom Kim, Yoonjeong Choi, Seokyoung Lee, Yuri Cho, Minsu Kwon, Cherlhyun Jeong and 2 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
9.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Potential of Nanoparticle-Based Phototherapies for Future Treatment of Uveal Melanoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Rho/ROCK Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Diseases.International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology · 2025
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Non-Muscle Myosin II A: Friend or Foe in Cancer?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Seohyun KimKU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Seong A KimCenter for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
Gi-Hoon NamCenter for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
Yeonsun HongCenter for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
Gi Beom KimKU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Yoonjeong ChoiKU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Seokyoung LeeCenter for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
Yuri ChoKU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
Minsu KwonOtorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
Cherlhyun JeongCenter for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
Sehoon KimKU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea iskim14@kist.re.kr sehoonkim@kist.re.kr.
In-San KimKU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea iskim14@kist.re.kr sehoonkim@kist.re.kr.ORCID 0000-0003-1714-4521
Korea University · KRKorea University Medical Center · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent intraocular malignancy and is resistant to immunotherapy. Nearly 50% of patients with UM develop metastatic disease, and the overall survival outcome remains very poor. Therefore, a treatment regimen that simultaneously targets primary UM and prevents metastasis is needed. Here, we suggest an immunotherapeutic strategy for UM involving a combination of local photodynamic therapy (PDT), rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade.

methodsThe antitumor efficacy and immune response of monotreatment or combinational treatment were evaluated in B16F10-bearing syngeneic mouse models. Abscopal antitumor immune responses induced by triple-combinational treatment were validated in syngeneic bilateral B16F10 models. After each treatment, the immune profiles and functional examinations were assessed in tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes by flow cytometry, ELISA, and immunofluorescence assays. In orthotopic intraocular melanoma models, the location of the immune infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was evaluated after each treatment by multiplex immunohistochemistry and metastatic nodules were monitored.

resultsPDT with Ce6-embedded nanophotosensitizer (FIC-PDT) elicited immunogenic cell death and stimulated antigen-presenting cells. In situ immunogenic clearance induced by a combination of FIC-PDT with ripasudil, a clinically approved ROCK inhibitor, stimulated antigen-presenting cells, which in turn primed tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. Moreover, local immunogenic clearance sensitized PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade responses to reconstruct the TME immune phenotypes of cold tumors into hot tumors, resulting in recruitment of robust cytotoxic CD8

conclusionsA combination of localized FIC-PDT and a ROCK inhibitor exerted a cancer vaccine-like function. Immunogenic clearance led to the trafficking of CD8

Indexed as

AnimalsAntigen-Presenting CellsCell Line, TumorDrug SynergismHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsIsoquinolinesMaleMelanomaMelanoma, ExperimentalMiceNeoplasm MetastasisPhotochemotherapySulfonamidesTransplantation, IsogeneicTreatment OutcomeImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsIsoquinolinesK-115Sulfonamidesimmunityimmunogenicityimmunotherapyinnatephagocytosisprogrammed cell death 1 receptorvaccine

Identifiers

PMID33479026
PMCPMC7825261
OpenAlexW3123092379

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.