ArticleArchives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition2021
Neurodevelopmental outcomes following neonatal late-onset sepsis and blood culture-negative conditions.
Article in Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Shorter versus longer duration antibiotic regimens for treatment of suspected neonatal sepsis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of neonatal sepsis on neurocognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Extended Barrier Precautions vs Hand Hygiene Alone and Neonatal Sepsis in Intensive Care Patients: The BALTIC Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Effect of probable neonatal sepsis on the development of infants in Eastern Uganda (ENON): a cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Impact of nosocomial infections on neurodevelopmental outcome and rehospitalization rate in preterm infants with birth weight below 1500 g (NINO study).Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Health Care-Associated Infections Among Neonates During the COVID-19 Pandemic.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Prevalence and risk factors for neonatal sepsis among very preterm infants in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Article
- Antibiotic treatment for neonatal sepsis: changing trends and future directions.Drugs in context · 2026Review
- Outcomes and antimicrobial usage in preterm neonates < 34 weeks gestation with culture-negative neonatal sepsis: a prospective observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Hospital Admissions After Early-Onset Neonatal Bacterial Infection Management Guidelines in France.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Blood cultures and predicting positivity in extremely preterm infants admitted to an outborn level IV NICU.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Mortality risk factors in actively resuscitated 22-week preterm infants: a case-control study focusing on NEC and maternal hospitalization.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- The Impact of Neonatal Sepsis on Long-Term Neurodevelopment: A Systematic Review of Cognitive and Sensory Outcomes.Cureus · 2025Review
- Epidemiology of bacterial and fungal infections among level IV neonatal units in North America.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Article
- Point-of-care procalcitonin trends in suspected neonatal late-onset infection: a prospective observational study.Pediatric research · 2025Observational
- Epidemiology and Outcomes of Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Preterm Infants in a Tertiary Hospital.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hand hygiene versus additional non-sterile gloves and gowns use to prevent sepsis in preterm infants colonized with multi-resistant drug bacteria: the study protocol of the cluster-randomized, cross-over, non-inferiority BALTIC trial.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2025Article
- Antibiotic exposure for culture-negative early-onset sepsis in late-preterm and term newborns: an international study.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Aligning prediction models with clinical information needs: infant sepsis case study.JAMIA open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDetermine risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) versus late-onset, antibiotic-treated, blood culture-negative conditions (LOCNC).
designRetrospective cohort study.
setting24 neonatal centres. PATIENTS: Infants born 1/1/2006-31/12/2014, at 22-26 weeks gestation, with birth weight 401-1000 g and surviving >7 days were included. Infants with early-onset sepsis, necrotising enterocolitis, intestinal perforation or both LOS and LOCNC were excluded. EXPOSURES: LOS and LOCNC were defined as antibiotic administration for ≥5 days with and without a positive blood/cerebrospinal fluid culture, respectively. Infants with these diagnoses were also compared with infants with neither condition. OUTCOMES: Death or NDI was assessed at 18-26 months corrected age follow-up. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks adjusting for covariates occurring ≤7 days of age.
resultsOf 7354 eligible infants, 3940 met inclusion criteria: 786 (20%) with LOS, 1601 (41%) with LOCNC and 1553 (39%) with neither. Infants with LOS had higher adjusted relative risk (95% CI) for death/NDI (1.14 (1.05 to 1.25)) and death before follow-up (1.71 (1.44 to 2.03)) than those with LOCNC. Among survivors, risk for NDI did not differ between the two groups (0.99 (0.86 to 1.13)) but was higher for LOCNC infants (1.17 (1.04 to 1.31)) compared with unaffected infants.
conclusionsInfants with LOS had higher risk of death, but not NDI, compared with infants with LOCNC. Surviving infants with LOCNC had higher risk of NDI compared with unaffected infants. Improving outcomes for infants with LOCNC requires study of the underlying conditions and the potential impact of antibiotic exposure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.