ArticleBMC health services research2021
The effect of pay-for-performance program on infection events and mortality rate in diabetic patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study.
Article in BMC health services research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The impact of performance-based capitation on diabetes care: Evidence from Indonesia's national health insurance program.International journal of health economics and management · 2026Article
- Use of the Pay-for-Performance Program in Reducing Sarcopenia Risk: A Nested Case-Control Study Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Impact of pay-for-performance program on postoperative infection and revision risk in diabetic patients with hip replacement: a Taiwanese Cohort Study.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2025Article
- Participation and Outcomes among Disabled and Non-Disabled People in the Diabetes Pay-for-Performance Program.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impact of a diabetes pay-for-performance program on nonincentivized mental disorders: a panel study based on claims database analysis.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2023Article
- Effects of Body Mass Index and Pay-for-Performance Program on Risk of Death in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for infection. Pay for Performance (P4P) program is designed to enhance the comprehensive patient care. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the P4P program on infection incidence in type 2 diabetic patients.
methodsThis is a retrospective longitudinal cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Diabetic patients between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2013 were included. Primary outcomes analyzed were patient emergency room (ER) infection events and deaths.
resultsAfter propensity score matching, there were 337,184 patients in both the P4P and non-P4P cohort. The results showed that patients' completing one-year P4P program was associated with a decreased risk of any ER infection event (27.2% vs. 29%; subdistribution hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-0.88). While the number needed to treat was 58 for the non-P4P group, it dropped to 28 in the P4P group. The risk of infection-related death was significantly lower in the P4P group than in the non-P4P group (4.1% vs. 7.6%; HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.45-0.47). The effect of P4P on ER infection incidence and infection-related death was more apparent in the subgroups of patients who were female, had diabetes duration ≥5 years, chronic kidney disease, higher Charlson's Comorbidity Index scores and infection-related hospitalization in the previous 3 years.
conclusionsThe P4P program might reduce risk of ER infection events and infection-related deaths in type 2 diabetic patients.
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