ArticleEnvironmental health and preventive medicine2021
Prevalence of an incompetent lip seal during growth periods throughout Japan: a large-scale, survey-based, cross-sectional study.
Article in Environmental health and preventive medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors Associated with Lip-Closing Strength in Children Undergoing Orthodontic Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cough hypersensitivity risk increases during heatwaves and can be reduced by inhalation of alkaline aerosols of endogenous ions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Associations of incompetent lip seal and mouth breathing with stress in Japanese young adults: roles of oral function and nasal health.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- A Customized Mouthguard Design for a Child with Orofacial Myofunctional Disorder: A Case Report.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Morphological Study of the Characteristics of Lips in Children With Mouth Breathing.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Heat waves elevate risks of airway hypersensitivity that inhaled endogenous ions reduce.Research square · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Oral Health and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Accuracy of AI-based binary classification for detecting malocclusion in the mixed dentition stage.PloS one · 2025Article
- Mouth breathing reduces oral function in adolescence.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Incompetent lip seal and nail biting as risk factors for malocclusion in Japanese preschool children aged 3-6 years.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Assessment of mouth breathing by Speech-Language Pathologists: an international Delphi consensus.CoDAS · 2023Article
- Factors related to mouth breathing syndrome in preschool children and the effects of incompetent lip seal: An exploratory study.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2022Article
- Lip-closing strength in children is enhanced by lip and facial muscle training.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2022Article
- The impact of mouth breathing on dentofacial development: A concise review.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSystemic and local factors may lead to disruption of craniofacial growth and development, causing an imbalance between the orofacial skeleton, muscle and soft tissue, dental occlusion, and the dental arch during growth periods. We aimed to reveal whether the prevalence of incompetent lip seal (ILS) varies with age and region, as well as to clarify the factors related to an ILS, in a national, large-scale epidemiological study.
methodsWe surveyed 3399 children, from 3 to 12 years of age, visiting 66 pediatric dental clinics throughout Japan. For this survey, we employed a questionnaire consisting of 44 questions regarding daily health conditions and lifestyle habits. We evaluated the differences in ILS prevalence by age and region (using a Cochran-Armitage test for trend and a Kruskal-Wallis test), and the relationship between ILS and factors investigated in the questionnaire (using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient).
resultsWe observed that 30.7% of Japanese children exhibited an ILS and that the ILS rate increased with age (p < 0.001). There were no regional differences in the rate of ILS in Japanese children (p = 0.506). We revealed that 12 of 44 survey items exhibited a statistically significant correlation with ILS (p < 0.001), using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. These items involved orofacial morphology, mouth breathing, and possibly, allergic rhinitis.
conclusionThe rate of ILS seems to increase with age in children, throughout Japan. Therefore, this disorder may not self-correct during the growth periods in these children. Guidelines are required for pediatric dentists to recognize ILS among children aged 3-12 years.
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