ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Immersive Virtual Reality Therapy as a Method Supporting Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects Of Virtual Reality Based Rehabilitation Program On Physical Fitness In Patient With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders
Virtual Reality-based Exercises' Effects on Pulmonary Functions, Cardiopulmonary Capacity, Functional Performance, and Quality of Life in Children With Repaired Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Does Immersive Virtual Reality Therapy Support Orthopedic Rehabilitation? A Randomized-Controlled Trial
The Effect of Respiratory Exercise Applied to COPD Patients With Virtual Reality Glasses on Dyspnea, Anxiety and Quality of Life
Effects of Multimodal Virtual Reality-based Rehabilitation on Dyspnea, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, and Quality of Life in CABG Phase II
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Virtual Reality Interventions on Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of different digital health intervention modalities versus traditional pulmonary rehabilitation on daily step counts and exercise capacity in patients with COPD: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Virtual reality in adults with respiratory diseases experiencing dyspnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Complemented Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Lung Function, Exercise Capacity, Dyspnea, and Health Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Using Virtual Reality to Improve Outcomes Related to Quality of Life Among Older Adults With Serious Illnesses: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Nudge theories and strategies influencing adult health behaviors and outcomes in COPD management: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Benefits from Incorporating Virtual Reality in Pulmonary Rehabilitation of COPD Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Acceptability, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Technologies to Promote Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- The use of respiratory muscle training in patients with pulmonary dysfunction, internal diseases or central nervous system disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Integrating Immersive Virtual Reality With Savoring to Promote the Well-Being of Patients With Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Effects of Immersive Virtual Therapy as a Method Supporting the Psychological and Physical Well-Being of Women with a Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Trial
- Inpatient post-COVID-19 rehabilitation program featuring virtual reality-Preliminary results of randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2023Trial
- Virtual Therapy Complementary Prehabilitation of Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer-A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of an Inpatient Virtual Reality-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program among COVID-19 Patients on Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life: Preliminary Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- The Use of Virtual Therapy in Cardiac Rehabilitation of Female Patients with Heart Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Trial
- The Impact of Modifying 3D Environments: The Role of Presence in VR Breathing Exercises.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- An augmented rehabilitation package incorporating immersive virtual reality during early recovery after ARDS: A randomized controlled trial.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Virtual Pet-Assisted Therapy to Alleviate Symptoms of Long COVID: A Prospective Pilot Interventional Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Physiological and psychological therapeutic effects of telerehabilitation treatment on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of physical therapy science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anxiety has been estimated to occur in 21-96% and depression in 27-79% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). We found a scarcity of literature providing evidence on how virtual reality (VR) therapy affects the intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and stress levels in COPD patients undergoing in-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). This study enrolled 50 COPD patients with symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety, randomly assigned to one of two groups. The two groups participated in the traditional PR programme additionally: the VR-group performed 10 sessions of immersive VR-therapy and the control group performed 10 sessions of Schultz autogenic training. Comparison of the changes in stress levels and depressive and anxiety symptoms was the primary outcome. Analysis of the results showed a reduction in stress levels only in the VR-group (
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.