ArticleBiomedicines2021
Development of Three-Dimensional Human Intestinal Organoids as a Physiologically Relevant Model for Characterizing the Viral Replication Kinetics and Antiviral Susceptibility of Enteroviruses.
Article in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intestinal Organoids as Models to Study Viruses: Current Application and Future Perspective.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Animal organoids as transformative platforms for viral infections and zoonotic cross-species viral research.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Engineering of cell line assembled enteric organoid for enterovirus infection.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Human organoids as 3D in vitro platforms for drug discovery: opportunities and challenges.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Organoids Gone Viral: A Comprehensive Review on Human Organoid Models to Study Viral Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2026Review
- A human intestinal organoid derived from fetal human colon cells model for studying enteroviral pathogenesis.Virulence · 2025Article
- Makgeolli Lees as a Novel Prebiotic Candidate: Effects on Human Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- [Development of a new platform for testing antiviral drugs using coronavirus-infected human nasal mucosa organoids].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2024Article
- Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 as a potential host target for the inhibition of enterovirus replication.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Human norovirus cultivation systems and their use in antiviral research.Journal of virology · 2024Review
- Organoids in virology.Npj viruses · 2024Review
- Human intestinal organoids as models to study enteric bacteria and viruses.Current opinion in microbiology · 2023Review
- Evaluation of 3D Human Intestinal Organoids as a Platform for EV-A71 Antiviral Drug Discovery.Cells · 2023Article
- Gastrointestinal organoids in the study of viral infections.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2023Review
- Vemurafenib Inhibits Enterovirus A71 Genome Replication and Virus Assembly.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Enterovirus A71 antivirals: Past, present, and future.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Article
- Advances in understanding interferon-mediated immune responses to enteric viruses in intestinal organoids.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Development of anFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Enteroviruses are important causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease, respiratory infections, and neurological infections in human. A major hurdle for the development of anti-enterovirus agents is the lack of physiologically relevant evaluation platforms that closely correlate with the in vivo state. We established the human small intestinal organoids as a novel platform for characterizing the viral replication kinetics and evaluating candidate antivirals for enteroviruses. The organoids supported productive replication of enterovirus (EV)-A71, coxsackievirus B2, and poliovirus type 3, as evidenced by increasing viral loads, infectious virus titers, and the presence of cytopathic effects. In contrast, EV-D68, which mainly causes respiratory tract infection in humans, did not replicate significantly in the organoids. The differential expression profiles of the receptors for these enteroviruses correlated with their replication kinetics. Using itraconazole as control, we showed that the results of various antiviral assays, including viral load reduction, plaque reduction, and cytopathic effect inhibition assays, were highly reproducible in the organoids. Moreover, itraconazole attenuated virus-induced inflammatory response in the organoids, which helped to explain its antiviral effects and mechanism. Collectively, these data showed that the human small intestinal organoids may serve as a robust platform for investigating the pathogenesis and evaluating antivirals for enteroviruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.