ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Analysis of the Spread of COVID-19 in the USA with a Spatio-Temporal Multivariate Time Series Model.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatio-Temporal COVID-19 Modeling: A Global Systematic Review of Data Integration, Equity, and Lessons for Pandemic Preparedness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of air pollution on COVID-19 incidence, severity, and mortality: A systematic review of studies in Europe and North America.Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Environmental Factors Influencing the Dynamics and Evolution of COVID-19: A Systematic Review on the Study of Short-Term Ozone Exposure.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Ecosystem degradation and the spread of Covid-19.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2023Review
- Exploration of the impact of political ideology disparity on COVID-19 transmission in the United States.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Characterizing pandemic waves: A latent class analysis of COVID-19 spread across US counties.Pattern recognition letters · 2022Article
- A Model for Highly Fluctuating Spatio-Temporal Infection Data, with Applications to the COVID Epidemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Three waves changes, new variant strains, and vaccination effect against COVID-19 pandemic.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2022Review
- A spatio-temporal autoregressive model for monitoring and predicting COVID infection rates.Journal of geographical systems · 2022Article
- Presence of SARS-CoV-2 Viral RNA in Aqueous Humor of Asymptomatic Individuals.American journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Will Mutations in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Lead to the Failure of COVID-19 Vaccines?Journal of Korean medical science · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With the rapid spread of the pandemic due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the virus has already led to considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide, as well as having a severe impact on economic development. In this article, we analyze the state-level correlation between COVID-19 risk and weather/climate factors in the USA. For this purpose, we consider a spatio-temporal multivariate time series model under a hierarchical framework, which is especially suitable for envisioning the virus transmission tendency across a geographic area over time. Briefly, our model decomposes the COVID-19 risk into: (i) an autoregressive component that describes the within-state COVID-19 risk effect; (ii) a spatiotemporal component that describes the across-state COVID-19 risk effect; (iii) an exogenous component that includes other factors (e.g., weather/climate) that could envision future epidemic development risk; and (iv) an endemic component that captures the function of time and other predictors mainly for individual states. Our results indicate that maximum temperature, minimum temperature, humidity, the percentage of cloud coverage, and the columnar density of total atmospheric ozone have a strong association with the COVID-19 pandemic in many states. In particular, the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and the columnar density of total atmospheric ozone demonstrate statistically significant associations with the tendency of COVID-19 spreading in almost all states. Furthermore, our results from transmission tendency analysis suggest that the community-level transmission has been relatively mitigated in the USA, and the daily confirmed cases within a state are predominated by the earlier daily confirmed cases within that state compared to other factors, which implies that states such as Texas, California, and Florida with a large number of confirmed cases still need strategies like stay-at-home orders to prevent another outbreak.
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Registered trials
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