ReviewCancers2021
Immunotherapy and Immunotherapy Combinations in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 3: PD-L1, Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Randomized Phase II Study Evaluating the Addition of Pembrolizumab to Radium-223 in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2024Trial
- Tumor‑immune spatiotemporal co‑evolution: A new paradigm for understanding and overcoming therapy resistance in metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting Siglec-engaging immunosuppressive sialoglycans to suppress prostate cancer bone metastasis.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Ineffectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer: is it just a question of '-mabs'?The Journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Review
- A Gene Feature Based on Histone Modifications Can Predict the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Solid tumour CAR-T cells engineered with fusion proteins targeting PD-L1 for localized IL-12 delivery.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Review
- Combined Dihydroartemisinin and Eupatilin Suppress Prostate Cancer through AR-Associated Ferroptosis and Modulation of Macrophage-Tumor Crosstalk.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Advances in Precision Oncology: From Molecular Profiling to Regulatory-Approved Targeted Therapies.Cancers · 2025Review
- CAR-T Cell Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The immune landscape of systemic inflammation in prostate cancer.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Immunomodulation and Immunotherapy for Patients with Prostate Cancer: An Up-to-Date Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Molecules: A Review on Pathways and Immunotherapy Implications.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Mendelian randomization combined with single-cell sequencing analysis revealed prognostic genes related to myeloid cell differentiation in prostate cancer and experimental verification.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Identification of the gene signatures related to NK/T cell communication to evaluate the tumor microenvironment and prognostic outcomes of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The application of emerging immunotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer: progress, dilemma and promise.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The efficacy and safety ofFrontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Targeting VPS18 hampers retromer trafficking of PD-L1 and augments immunotherapy.Science advances · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although most prostate cancers are localized, and the majority are curable, recurrences occur in approximately 35% of men. Among patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence and PSA doubling time (PSADT) less than 15 months after radical prostatectomy, prostate cancer accounted for approximately 90% of the deaths by 15 years after recurrence. An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and impaired cellular immunity are likely largely responsible for the limited utility of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in advanced prostate cancer compared with other tumor types. Thus, for immunologically "cold" malignancies such as prostate cancer, clinical trial development has pivoted towards novel approaches to enhance immune responses. Numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating combination immunomodulatory strategies incorporating vaccine-based therapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Other trials evaluate the efficacy and safety of these immunomodulatory agents' combinations with standard approaches such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), taxane-based chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Here, we will review promising immunotherapies in development and ongoing trials for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). These novel trials will build on past experiences and promise to usher a new era to treat patients with mCRPC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.