Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33477566›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Automatic ECG Classification Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and Convolutional Neural Network.

Tao Wang, Changhua Lu, Yining Sun, Mei Yang, Chun Liu, Chunsheng Ou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Compact neural network algorithm for electrocardiogram classification.Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2026
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  14. [Research on arrhythmia classification algorithm based on adaptive multi-feature fusion network].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2025
    Article
  15. ECG Signal Classification of Cardiovascular Disorder using CWT and DCNN.Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tao WangSchool of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2926-3977
Changhua LuSchool of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
Yining SunInstitute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
Mei YangBeijing Huaru Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei Branch, Hefei 230088, China.
Chun LiuSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
Chunsheng OuSchool of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.

Funding

the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of the Chinese Academy of Sciences KFJ-STS-ZDTP-079
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Early detection of arrhythmia and effective treatment can prevent deaths caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). In clinical practice, the diagnosis is made by checking the electrocardiogram (ECG) beat-by-beat, but this is usually time-consuming and laborious. In the paper, we propose an automatic ECG classification method based on Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CWT is used to decompose ECG signals to obtain different time-frequency components, and CNN is used to extract features from the 2D-scalogram composed of the above time-frequency components. Considering the surrounding R peak interval (also called RR interval) is also useful for the diagnosis of arrhythmia, four RR interval features are extracted and combined with the CNN features to input into a fully connected layer for ECG classification. By testing in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, our method achieves an overall performance of 70.75%, 67.47%, 68.76%, and 98.74% for positive predictive value, sensitivity, F1-score, and accuracy, respectively. Compared with existing methods, the overall F1-score of our method is increased by 4.75~16.85%. Because our method is simple and highly accurate, it can potentially be used as a clinical auxiliary diagnostic tool.

Indexed as

arrhythmiacontinuous wavelet transformconvolutional neural networkdeep learningECG classificationheartbeat classification

Identifiers

PMID33477566
PMCPMC7831114

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.