ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Real-Time Artifacts Reduction during TMS-EEG Co-Registration: A Comprehensive Review on Technologies and Procedures.
Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing Dry Electroencephalography With Scalable, Soft, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Compatible TiAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The effect of EEG lead configuration on early TMS-EEG artifacts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Electroencephalography for early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis: from advanced feature engineering to interpretable ai and clinical translation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The Next Frontier in Brain Monitoring: A Comprehensive Look at In-Ear EEG Electrodes and Their Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A comparative study to assess synchronisation methods for combined simultaneous EEG and TMS acquisition.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Self-Supervised Learning for Near-Wild Cognitive Workload Estimation.Journal of medical systems · 2024Article
- Real-time TMS-EEG for brain state-controlled research and precision treatment: a narrative review and guide.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Review
- Adapted Beamforming: A Robust and Flexible Approach for Removing Various Types of Artifacts from TMS-EEG Data.Brain topography · 2024Article
- Real-time optimization to enhance noninvasive cortical excitability assessment in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Reliability and Validity of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Electroencephalography Biomarkers.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Review
- A survey on COVID-19 impact in the healthcare domain: worldwide market implementation, applications, security and privacy issues, challenges and future prospects.Complex & intelligent systems · 2023Article
- Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on neurobiological changes in Alzheimer's disease (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2022Review
- EEG Evoked Potentials to Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Normal Volunteers: Inhibitory TMS EEG Evoked Potentials.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Machine Learning Approach Involving Functional Connectivity Features to Classify Rest-EEG Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures from Healthy Controls.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Multi-scale neural decoding and analysis.Journal of neural engineering · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) excites neurons in the cortex, and neural activity can be simultaneously recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). However, TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) do not only reflect transcranial neural stimulation as they can be contaminated by artifacts. Over the last two decades, significant developments in EEG amplifiers, TMS-compatible technology, customized hardware and open source software have enabled researchers to develop approaches which can substantially reduce TMS-induced artifacts. In TMS-EEG experiments, various physiological and external occurrences have been identified and attempts have been made to minimize or remove them using online techniques. Despite these advances, technological issues and methodological constraints prevent straightforward recordings of early TEPs components. To the best of our knowledge, there is no review on both TMS-EEG artifacts and EEG technologies in the literature to-date. Our survey aims to provide an overview of research studies in this field over the last 40 years. We review TMS-EEG artifacts, their sources and their waveforms and present the state-of-the-art in EEG technologies and front-end characteristics. We also propose a synchronization toolbox for TMS-EEG laboratories. We then review subject preparation frameworks and online artifacts reduction maneuvers for improving data acquisition and conclude by outlining open challenges and future research directions in the field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.