ReviewCancers2021
Resistance to Antiandrogens in Prostate Cancer: Is It Inevitable, Intrinsic or Induced?
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- MicroRNA-6833-3p drives prostate cancer progression and stemness by targeting the NUMB-mediated NOTCH signaling pathway.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2026Article
- Histone lactylation modification promotes docetaxel resistance and tumor progression through CNN1-Mediated autophagy and cell cycle arrest in Castration-resistant prostate cancer.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Metformin and Flutamide Combination Therapy's Efficacy and Safety in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.Prostate cancer · 2026Article
- Identification of a Novel Trifluoromethyl-Bearing Flavonoid as a Promising Androgen Receptor Antagonist: Structure-Based Virtual Screening and In Vitro Study.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Article
- The emerging role of long non-coding RNA SOX2-OT in cancers and non-malignant diseases.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Review
- Overcoming drug resistance in castrate-resistant prostate cancer: current mechanisms and emerging therapeutic approaches.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025Review
- Integrative genomic analysis identifiesFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- From biology to the clinic - exploring liver metastasis in prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2024Review
- Therapy resistance in prostate cancer: mechanism, signaling and reversal strategies.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2024Review
- Androgen receptor knockdown enhances prostate cancer chemosensitivity by down-regulating FEN1 through the ERK/ELK1 signalling pathway.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Cells Survival and Their Therapeutic Targeting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Alpinumisoflavone Exhibits the Therapeutic Effect on Prostate Cancer Cells by Repressing AR and Co-Targeting FASN- and HMGCR-Mediated Lipid and Cholesterol Biosynthesis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Structure-Based Study to Overcome Cross-Reactivity of Novel Androgen Receptor Inhibitors.Cells · 2022Article
- Functions and mechanisms of N6‑methyladenosine in prostate cancer (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2022Review
- The Extracellular Matrix Stiffening: A Trigger of Prostate Cancer Progression and Castration Resistance?Cancers · 2022Review
- Targeting dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 with a highly selective inhibitor for the treatment of prostate cancer.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Better Understanding the Timing Of Androgen Deprivation Trial Outcomes: Impacts of Prior Androgen Deprivation Therapy.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasingly sophisticated therapies for chemical castration dominate first-line treatments for locally advanced prostate cancer. However, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) offers little prospect of a cure, as resistant tumors emerge rather rapidly, normally within 30 months. Cells have multiple mechanisms of resistance to even the most sophisticated drug regimes, and both tumor cell heterogeneity in prostate cancer and the multiple salvage pathways result in castration-resistant disease related genetically to the original hormone-naive cancer. The timing and mechanisms of cell death after ADT for prostate cancer are not well understood, and off-target effects after long-term ADT due to functional extra-prostatic expression of the androgen receptor protein are now increasingly being recorded. Our knowledge of how these widely used treatments fail at a biological level in patients is deficient. In this review, I will discuss whether there are pre-existing drug-resistant cells in a tumor mass, or whether resistance is induced/selected by the ADT. Equally, what is the cell of origin of this resistance, and does it differ from the treatment-naïve tumor cells by differentiation or dedifferentiation? Conflicting evidence also emerges from studies in the range of biological systems and species employed to answer this key question. It is only by improving our understanding of this aspect of treatment and not simply devising another new means of androgen inhibition that we can improve patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.