ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2021
Frequency of cannabis use during pregnancy and adverse infant outcomes, by cigarette smoking status - 8 PRAMS states, 2017.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Birth outcomes following intrauterine exposure to electronic nicotine delivery systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- Birth, cognitive and behavioral effects of intrauterine cannabis exposure in infants and children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Birth Outcomes of Neonates Exposed to Marijuana in Utero: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal cannabis use is associated with altered miRNA and protein expression in the developing human brain.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Multidimensional influences on prenatal cannabis use: A reflexive thematic analysis of low-income birthing people.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- A systematic review investigating prenatal cannabis and tobacco co-exposure: Impacts on neonatal, behavioral, cognitive and physiological outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- A Qualitative Investigation of Nicotine and Tobacco use in Young Pregnant and Birthing Sexual Minority People.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Meta-analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes of cannabis use in pregnancy current to March 2024.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2025Review
- Alcohol, Tobacco and Illicit Drug Use During Pregnancy in the Longitudinal BELpREG Cohort in Belgium Between 2022 and 2024.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Adverse childhood experiences, resilience, and cannabis use in early motherhood.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neonatal outcomes associated with in utero cannabis exposure: a population-based retrospective cohort study.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Risk of Adverse Neonatal Outcomes After Combined Prenatal Cannabis and Nicotine Exposure.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis: Effects on Childhood Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health.Current obesity reports · 2024Review
- Marijuana Use among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age, 2013-2019.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- Use of E-Cigarettes and Cigarettes During Late Pregnancy Among Adolescents.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Prenatal Substance Exposure.Annual review of developmental psychology · 2023Article
- Examining science and media literacy health communication messages to reduce intentions to use cannabis while pregnant.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2023Article
- Cannabis use, cannabis use disorder and mental health disorders among pregnant and postpartum women in the US: A nationally representative study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Emerging Roles of Endocannabinoids as Key Lipid Mediators for a Successful Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Active or passive maternal smoking increases the risk of low birth weight or preterm delivery: Benefits of cessation and tobacco control policies.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearch on prenatal cannabis use and adverse infant outcomes is inconsistent, and findings vary by frequency of use or cigarette use. We assess (1) the prevalence of high frequency (≥once/week), low frequency (<once/week), and any cannabis use during pregnancy by maternal characteristics and adverse infant outcomes; (2) the prevalence of infant outcomes by cannabis use frequency, stratified by cigarette smoking; and (3) the association between cannabis use frequency and infant outcomes, stratified by cigarette smoking.
methodsCross-sectional data from 8 states' 2017 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (n = 5548) were analyzed. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) between cannabis use frequency and infant outcomes with Modified Poisson regression.
resultsApproximately 1.7 % and 2.6 % of women reported low and high frequency prenatal cannabis use, respectively. Prevalence of use was higher among women with small-for-gestational age (SGA) (10.2 %) and low birthweight (9.7 %) deliveries, and cigarette use during pregnancy (21.2 %). Among cigarette smokers (aPR: 1.8; 95 % CI: 1.1-3.0) and non-smokers (aPR: 2.1; 95 % CI: 1.1-3.9), high frequency cannabis use doubled the risk of low birthweight delivery but did not increase preterm or SGA risk. Regardless of cigarette use, low frequency cannabis use did not significantly increase infant outcome risk.
conclusionsPrenatal cannabis use was more common among women who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy. High frequency cannabis use was associated with low birthweight delivery, regardless of cigarette use. Healthcare providers can implement recommended substance use screening and provide evidence-based counseling and cessation services to help pregnant women avoid tobacco and cannabis use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.