ReviewMycoses2021
Disseminated cryptococcosis and anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies: An underappreciated association.
Review in Mycoses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis: an initiative of the ECMM and ISHAM in cooperation with the ASM.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Guideline
- Cytokine autoantibodies are stable throughout the haematopoietic stem cell transplantation course and are associated with distinct biomarker and blood cell profiles.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in cryptococcal meningitis differ by HIV status: A cross-sectional analysis.Medical mycology · 2026Article
- ConcurrentCase reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Neutralizing GM-CSF autoantibodies impair neutrophil antifungal effector function in a patient with aspergillosis.The Journal of infection · 2025Article
- Human immunity to fungal infections.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Characteristics of polyclonal anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies and novel diagnostic strategies: A prospective cohort study of new biomarkers.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- The monogenic landscape of human infectious diseases.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of pulmonary and extrapulmonary cryptococcosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The Pathogenic Role of Anti-Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Autoantibodies in the Nocardiosis with the Central Nervous System Involvement.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- The ouroboros of autoimmunity.Nature immunology · 2024Review
- Anti-cytokine autoantibodies: mechanistic insights and disease associations.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Human autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs: From 1981 to 2023.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Anticytokine Autoantibodies in Infectious Diseases: A Practical Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- An Immunogenic and Slow-Growing Cryptococcal Strain Induces a Chronic Granulomatous Infection in Murine Lungs.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Opportunistic Infection Associated With Elevated GM-CSF Autoantibodies: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Human autoantibodies underlying infectious diseases.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Macrophage Mediated Immunomodulation DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- MDA5 signaling induces type 1 IFN- and IL-1-dependent lung vascular permeability which protects mice from opportunistic fungal infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Anticytokine autoantibodies: Autoimmunity trespassing on antimicrobial immunity.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The development of disseminated cryptococcosis has historically occurred in patients living with advanced human immunodeficiency virus or other immunosuppressive conditions affecting T-cell function. Recently, patients with anti-cytokine neutralising autoantibodies have been recognised to be at risk for disseminated infections by opportunistic intracellular pathogens, including Cryptococcus species. Herein, we present a previously healthy 26-year-old man who was evaluated with disseminated cryptococcosis involving the bone, lung, mediastinum and brain. The patient's serum cryptococcal antigen titres were >1:1,100,000, and evaluation for an underlying immunodeficiency revealed high titres for anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies. We also review the literature of all published cases of disseminated cryptococcosis associated with the presence of anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies. Clinicians should have a heightened awareness of anti-cytokine autoantibodies in patients without a known immunodeficiency and development disseminated infections by opportunistic intracellular pathogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.