ReviewPLoS pathogens2021
Bacterial nucleomodulins: A coevolutionary adaptation to the eukaryotic command center.
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus triggers isolate-specific host transcriptional responses alongside TNF-R1 regulated cell fate decisions.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Histone modification cross talk between a host and pathogen.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Reprogramming byAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Outer Membrane Vesicles Mediate the Secretion and Nuclear Trafficking of a Bacterial Nucleomodulin.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Wolbachia-induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility drives epigenetic and maternally-influenced post-embryonic defects.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Hijacked epigenomes: how bacterial effectors rewrite host gene expression.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
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- A Conserved Mycobacterial Nucleomodulin Hijacks the Host COMPASS Complex to Reprogram Pro-Inflammatory Transcription and Promote Intracellular Survival.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Identification of candidate nucleomodulins in ESKAPE bacteria -Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Nucleomodulins from gut bacteria: diverse mechanisms of translocation and interaction with host nuclear processes.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Review
- Plans within plans: post-transcriptional regulation governs macrophage responses.Trends in immunology · 2025Review
- Nuclear warfare: pathogen manipulation of the nuclear pore complex and nuclear functions.mBio · 2025Review
- CanFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Virulence factors of bovine mastitis pathogens: distribution, pathogenesis, and emerging vaccines targeting virulence factors: a literature review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Through long-term interactions with their hosts, bacterial pathogens have evolved unique arsenals of effector proteins that interact with specific host targets and reprogram the host cell into a permissive niche for pathogen proliferation. The targeting of effector proteins into the host cell nucleus for modulation of nuclear processes is an emerging theme among bacterial pathogens. These unique pathogen effector proteins have been termed in recent years as "nucleomodulins." The first nucleomodulins were discovered in the phytopathogens Agrobacterium and Xanthomonas, where their nucleomodulins functioned as eukaryotic transcription factors or integrated themselves into host cell DNA to promote tumor induction, respectively. Numerous nucleomodulins were recently identified in mammalian pathogens. Bacterial nucleomodulins are an emerging family of pathogen effector proteins that evolved to target specific components of the host cell command center through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include: chromatin dynamics, histone modification, DNA methylation, RNA splicing, DNA replication, cell cycle, and cell signaling pathways. Nucleomodulins may induce short- or long-term epigenetic modifications of the host cell. In this extensive review, we discuss the current knowledge of nucleomodulins from plant and mammalian pathogens. While many nucleomodulins are already identified, continued research is instrumental in understanding their mechanisms of action and the role they play during the progression of pathogenesis. The continued study of nucleomodulins will enhance our knowledge of their effects on nuclear chromatin dynamics, protein homeostasis, transcriptional landscapes, and the overall host cell epigenome.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.