ArticleJournal of medical virology2021
Co-infection of influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2: A retrospective cohort study.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination against influenza viruses reduces infection, not hospitalization or death, from respiratory COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of the clinical characteristics of influenza-COVID-19 co-infection.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Do COVID-19 CT features vary between patients from within and outside mainland China? Findings from a meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection and superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of Coinfection With SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza on Disease Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Local and systemic host responses to influenza and concurrent or sequential SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Post-COVID-19 Dynamics of Pediatric Respiratory Viruses in Wuhan: Epidemiology, Co-Infection Patterns, and Clinical Severity (2023-2024).Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Prevalence, clinical features, and seasonal patterns of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and HRSV in patients with a history of kidney transplantation in Iran.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Respiratory viral coinfections: interactions, mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Investigation of Epstein-Barr virus coinfection and changes in the gene expression of angiotensin converting enzyme II in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Respiratory Virus Prevalence Across Pre-, During-, and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Periods.Viruses · 2025Article
- Evaluation of common respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Differentiation of the Cytokine Profile Modified by SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus in an In Vitro Experiment.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- A Modular Bacteriophage T4 Nanoparticle Platform Enables Rapid Design of Dual COVID-19-Flu Mucosal Vaccines.Small science · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection at the extremes of age: decipher the ominous tales of immune vulnerability.Advanced biotechnology · 2025Review
- Co-infections of SARS-CoV-2 with respiratory syncytial virus and human influenza A in patients with symptoms of COVID-19 in Ghana: A retrospective study.New microbes and new infections · 2024Article
- Coinfection and nonrandom recombination drive the evolution of swine enteric coronaviruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread across the world and is responsible for over 1,686,267 deaths worldwide. Co-infection with influenza A virus (IFV-A) during the upcoming flu season may complicate diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Little is known about epidemiology and outcomes of co-infection. Data for 213 COVID-19 patients treated at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan from January 28, 2020 to March 24, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Ninety-seven of the patients (45.5%) tested positive for anti- IFV-A immunoglobulin M antibodies. The clinical characteristics were described and analyzed for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection only and patients with SARS-CoV-2/IFV-A co-infection. Patients with co-infection showed similar patterns of symptoms and clinical outcomes to patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection only. However, an increased expression of serum cytokines (interleukin-2R [IL-2R], IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and cardiac troponin I, and higher incidence of lymphadenopathy were observed in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection only. Male patients and patients aged less than 60 years in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group also had significantly higher computed tomography scores than patients in co-infection group, indicating that co-infection with IFV-A had no effect on the disease outcome but alleviated inflammation in certain populations of COVID-19 patients. The study will provide a reference for diagnosing and treating IFV-A and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection cases in the upcoming flu season.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.