ArticleEnvironmental monitoring and assessment2021
Determination of antimicrobial concentration and associated risk in water sources in West Bengal state of India.
Article in Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Antibiotic disposal challenges in India: investigating causes and effects.Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The presence of antimicrobials in wastewater (WW), surface water (SW), groundwater (GW), and even in potable water from treatment plants has been reported from many countries. Their presence in the water sources is causing the rise and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), thereby threatening our public health, global economy, and development. This necessitates the constant monitoring of these compounds along with the evaluation of their associated risk to aquatic organisms. In this study, GW, WW, and SW samples from different parts of West Bengal (India) were analyzed using the SPE-HPLC-DAD method for detecting two frequently used fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, CIP and ofloxacin, OFL). The highest concentration of CIP and OFL was 5.75 μg/L (GW) and 17.84 μg/L (WW), respectively. The antimicrobial activity was determined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates from WW against CIP, which showed that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus had developed ~ 69 and ~ 12 times resistance compared to their respective pure strains. The risk assessment showed that CIP poses an insignificant threat to fish and Daphnia (RQ < 1) but a significant threat to green algae and Microcystis aeruginosa (RQ> > 1). OFL concentration also poses a great threat to all the organisms for which the assessment was made (RQ> > 1). Moreover, risk assessment in terms of AMR showed that the present level of these antimicrobials in different water sources could cause the development of resistance among the microbial community (RQ > 1). These results emphasize the need for constant monitoring of pharmaceutical compounds, especially antimicrobials, to be kept under check.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33474619What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.