Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33474517›Full record

ArticleTobacco prevention & cessation2021

Adherence to smoke-free policies in Ghana: Findings from a cross-sectional survey of hospitality venue owners and staff.

Arti Singh, Fiona Dobbie, Tarja I Kinnunen, Gabriel Okello, Sean Semple, Portia Boakye Okyere, Divine Darlington Logo, Kwabena Fosu Lartey, Ann McNeil, John Britton and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco prevention & cessation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Observational
  2. Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Results of Particulate Matter (PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Arti SinghSchool of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Fiona DobbieUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Tarja I KinnunenFaculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Gabriel OkelloAfrican Centre for Clean Air, Kampala, Uganda.
Sean SempleInstitute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.
Portia Boakye OkyereSchool of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Divine Darlington LogoGhana Health Service, Research and Development Division, Accra, Ghana.
Kwabena Fosu LarteySchool of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Ann McNeilKing's College London, London, United Kingdom.
John BrittonUniversity of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Linda BauldUsher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Ellis Owusu-DaboSchool of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology · GHUniversity of Edinburgh · GBKing's College London · GBTampere University · FIUniversity of Nottingham · GBUniversity of Stirling · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/P027946/2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionImplementation of and compliance with smoke-free policies (SFPs) can be problematic in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to limited resources. This study evaluated knowledge, opinions and compliance related to Ghana's SFPs among owners and staff of hospitality venues by city, staff designation, and venue type.

methodsA cross-sectional study design was used in venue types including hotels, bars, pubs and restaurants in the three cities of Kumasi, Accra, and Tamale, in Ghana.Data were collected between July and September 2019. Interviewer administered face-to-face surveys were conducted with owners and staff (n=142) recruited from randomly selected hospitality venues (n=154) in these three large cities of Ghana. The relationship between knowledge, opinions, and compliance items on SFPs, and city, venue type and staff designation was first studied using χ

resultsOf the 142 respondents, some had heard of Ghana's 2012 Tobacco Control Act (27.5%), smoking restriction in public places (29%), smoke-free places (22%), and display of 'no smoking' signage (6.3%). Knowledge levels were higher in Accra compared to Tamale (OR=3.08; 95% CI: 1.10-8.60). Staff designation and type of venue did not have any relationship with knowledge levels. Support for SFPs was over 80%, but opinions in support of SFPs were lower in Accra than Tamale (OR=0.25; 95% CI: 0.08-0.71). Compliance with SFPs was similar in the three cities. Hotels were three times more compliant compared to bars and pubs (OR=3.16; 95% CI: 1.48-6.71).

conclusionsThe study highlights the strong support for restriction of smoking in public places including hospitality venues despite poor knowledge and low compliance levels with the current SFPs. A review of the current SFP in Ghana together with education of hospitality staff on the benefits and requirements of SFPs is recommended.

Indexed as

complianceGhanahospitality staffknowledgesmoke-free policy

Identifiers

PMID33474517
PMCPMC7811357
OpenAlexW3125987513

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.