ArticleHeliyon2021
Determinants of Bacille Calmette-Guérin scarification in Danish children.
Article in Heliyon, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of BCG vaccination and revaccination in healthcare workers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Scar among Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccinated Children Presenting to an Immunisation Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal: An Observational Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Observational
- Revamping the BCG revaccination strategy: Records to recall, or just call it phoenix?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Erratum: Factors influencing scar formation following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Factors influencing scar formation following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Immunogenicity of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in pigs: potential as a translational model of non-specific effects of BCG.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is associated with an increased risk of abscess and lymphadenopathy.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies in low-income countries have shown that among Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinated children, those who develop a BCG-scar have significantly better survival than those who do not develop a scar. In a Danish multicenter randomized clinical trial we assessed determinants for developing a BCG-scar and for BCG scar size following neonatal BCG vaccination.
methodsAt three Danish hospitals, newborns were randomized 1:1 to BCG vaccination or no BCG vaccination. The infants were invited for a clinical examination at the ages of 3 and 13 months. At 13 months, the scar site was inspected and scar size measured. We investigated three groups of determinants; external, parental, and individual-level determinants on relative scar prevalence and differences in median scar sizes.
resultsAmong 2118 BCG vaccinated infants, 2039 (96 %) were examined at 13 months; 1857 of these (91 %) had developed a BCG-scar. Compared with Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre (85 %), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet had a scar prevalence of 95 % (adjusted Prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.24 [CI 95 %: 1.18 to 1.30]); it was 93 % at Kolding Hospital (aPR 1.27 [CI 95 %: 1.19 to 1.35]). Increasing vaccine experience was positively associated with developing a scar and with scar size.
conclusionAcross multiple potential determinants of BCG scaring and size, logistical factors dominated. The results support that injection technique is an important determinant of developing a scar. Given the strong link between having a BCG scar and subsequent health, improved BCG vaccination technique could play a major role for child health.
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