ArticleCell research2021
Discriminating mild from critical COVID-19 by innate and adaptive immune single-cell profiling of bronchoalveolar lavages.
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Article in Cell research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 223 papers.
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223citing papers in PubMed
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223 citing papers in PubMed, 376 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Alveolar Macrophages: Development, Respiratory Homeostasis, Signal Pathways, Diseases, and Therapeutic Opportunities.MedComm · 2026Review
- Alveolar macrophage-derived TGF-β promotes acute lung injury recovery by regulating inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- The cell with many faces: lung macrophage plasticity and function in response to environmental and pathogenic insults.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Pulmonary inflammation in severe pneumonia is characterised by compartmentalised and mechanistically distinct sub-phenotypes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A high dimensionality approach reveals immunopathogenic responses driving severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Identification of Cell-Type-Specific Molecular Signatures Distinguishing COVID-19 from Other Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Activated immune cells present a lung interstitial-to-airway/alveolar cross-compartment sharing pattern in severe pneumonia.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Valvular Leaflets Are Not Innocent Bystanders: Divergent Fibrotic Remodeling Accompanies Functional Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Article
- The macrophage entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by surface CD98/TMPRSS11E complex is associated with the cellular tropism toward proinflammatory M1 and pathogenesis.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Disruption of neutrophil homeostasis is associated with functional alterations in mitochondria of critically ill COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Trained immunity in respiratory diseases: Mechanisms of action and intervention strategies.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- The single-cell transcriptional landscape of the pediatric cystic fibrosis lung from minimally invasive respiratory specimens.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Alveolar Immune Profiling Identifies Distinct Subphenotypes of Acute Respiratory Failure.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Noninvasive Monitoring of Inflammatory Processes by Myeloid Cell-Directed PET Tracers in an Experimental Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Model.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026Article
- Integrative single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analysis reveals the key role of inflammatory cell activation in pulmonary arterial hypertension.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Alveolar dysregulation of host response in pneumonia and ARDS: implications for immune modulation and infection.Annals of intensive care · 2026Review
- Interferon-stimulated gene GALNT2 restricts respiratory virus infections.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Putrescine functions as a metabolic checkpoint in replication stress-induced senescence.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
163 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Els Wauters *Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Pierre Van Mol *Department of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-9413
Abhishek Dinkarnath Garg *Laboratory for Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (CMM), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-9922
Sander Jansen *Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9344-131X
Yannick Van HerckLaboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Lore VanderbekeLaboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Ayse BassezLaboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Bram BoeckxLaboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Bert Malengier-DevliesLaboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3527-1145
Anna TimmermanLaboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Thomas Van BrusselLaboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Tina Van BuytenLaboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Rogier SchepersLaboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Elisabeth HeylenLaboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-7225
Dieter DauweLaboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-2543
Christophe DoomsLaboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Jan GunstLaboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Greet HermansLaboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Philippe MeerssemanLaboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Dries TestelmansLaboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Jonas YserbytLaboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Sabine TejparMolecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Walter De WeverDepartment of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Patrick MatthysLaboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-6836
CONTAGIOUS collaborators
Johan Neyts *Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Joost Wauters *Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Junbin QianDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China. dr_qian@zju.edu.cn.
Diether LambrechtsLaboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Diether.Lambrechts@kuleuven.vib.be.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-302X
KU Leuven · BERega Institute for Medical Research · BEVIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology · BEBabraham Institute · GBWomen's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University · CN
Funding
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Research Foundation Flanders) 11E9819NFonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Research Foundation Flanders) 1833317NFonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Research Foundation Flanders) 1S66020NStichting Tegen Kanker (Belgian Foundation Against Cancer) 1833317NVlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology) VR 2016 2312 Doc.1521/4
Abstract
How the innate and adaptive host immune system miscommunicate to worsen COVID-19 immunopathology has not been fully elucidated. Here, we perform single-cell deep-immune profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 5 patients with mild and 26 with critical COVID-19 in comparison to BALs from non-COVID-19 pneumonia and normal lung. We use pseudotime inference to build T-cell and monocyte-to-macrophage trajectories and model gene expression changes along them. In mild COVID-19, CD8
Indexed as
Adaptive ImmunityBronchoalveolar LavageImmunity, InnateSingle-Cell AnalysisBronchoalveolar Lavage FluidCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCell CommunicationCOVID-19Gene Expression ProfilingHumansLungMacrophages, AlveolarMonocytesNeutrophilsPhenotype
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.