ArticleScientific reports2021
Antibacterial apple cider vinegar eradicates methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and resistant Escherichia coli.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- The potential of mollusc-associated fungi as anti-pathogens.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- The promising activity of apple cider vinegar on MDR Klebsiella spp. (K. variicola and K. pneumoniae) emerging pathogens in chicken.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Lead-free perovskite KCsSnIScientific reports · 2025Article
- Lactic Acid Bacteria in Vinegar Fermentation: Diversity, Functionality and Health Benefits.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pro-Health Potential of Fruit Vinegars and Oxymels in Various Experimental Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Fruit vinegar as a promising source of natural anti-inflammatory agents: an up-to-date review.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2024Review
- Apple cider vinegar exhibits promising antibiofilm activity against multidrug-resistantOpen veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Bee Bread as a Promising Source of Bioactive Molecules and Functional Properties: An Up-To-Date Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Fruits Vinegar: Quality Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Functionality.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Rapid Monitoring of Vancomycin Concentration in Serum Using Europium (III) Chelate Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and resistant Escherichia coli (rE.coli) infections can spread rapidly. Further they are associated with high morbidity and mortality from treatment failure. Therapy involves multiple rounds of ineffective antibiotics alongside unwanted side effects, alternative treatments are crucial. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is a natural, vegan product that has been shown to have powerful antimicrobial activity hence we investigated whether ACV could ameliorate these resistant bacteria. The minimum dilution of ACV required for growth inhibition was comparable for both bacteria (1/25 dilution of ACV liquid and ACV tablets at 200 µg/ml were effective against rE. coli and MRSA). Monocyte co-culture with microbes alongside ACV resulted in an increase in monocyte phagocytosis by 21.2% and 33.5% compared to non-ACV treated but MRSA or rE. coli stimulated monocytes, respectively. Label free quantitative proteomic studies of microbial protein extracts demonstrated that ACV penetrated microbial cell membranes and organelles, altering the expression of key proteins. This resulted in significant reductions in total protein expression, moreover we could only detect ribosomal proteins; 50 s 30 s, enolase, phosphenol pyruvate and the ATP synthase subunit in rE. coli. Elongation factor iNOS and phosphoglycerate kinase OS were the only proteins present in MRSA samples following ACV treatment.
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