Trial reportJournal of translational medicine2021
Distinct osmoregulatory responses to sodium loading in patients with altered glycosaminoglycan structure: a randomized cross-over trial.
Trial report in Journal of translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Crossover Trial of Low Sodium Dialysate on Tissue Sodium Accumulation in Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Salt and chronic kidney disease.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- The NFAT5-AR Axis Is Associated with Hyperosmolarity, Renal Dysfunction, and Neutrophil-Related Inflammatory Markers in Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- NFAT5: a stress-related transcription factor with multiple functions in health and disease.Cell stress · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Understanding Peripheral and Gut Immune Cell-Mediated Salt-Sensitive Hypertension and Nephropathy.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Review
- Inflammation and oxidative stress in salt sensitive hypertension; The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Perturbed body fluid distribution and osmoregulation in response to high salt intake in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses.Molecular genetics and metabolism reports · 2021Article
- Salt-Sensitivity of Blood Pressure and Insulin Resistance.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Edelman Revisited: Concepts, Achievements, and Challenges.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBy binding to negatively charged polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans, sodium can be stored in the body-particularly in the skin-without concurrent water retention. Concordantly, individuals with changed glycosaminoglycan structure (e.g. type 1 diabetes (DM1) and hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) patients) may have altered sodium and water homeostasis.
methodsWe investigated responses to acute (30-min infusion) and chronic (1-week diet) sodium loading in 8 DM1 patients and 7 HME patients in comparison to 12 healthy controls. Blood samples, urine samples, and skin biopsies were taken to investigate glycosaminoglycan sulfation patterns and both systemic and cellular osmoregulatory responses.
resultsHypertonic sodium infusion increased plasma sodium in all groups, but more in DM1 patients than in controls. High sodium diet increased expression of nuclear factor of activated t-cells 5 (NFAT5)-a transcription factor responsive to changes in osmolarity-and moderately sulfated heparan sulfate in skin of healthy controls. In HME patients, skin dermatan sulfate, rather than heparan sulfate, increased in response to high sodium diet, while in DM1 patients, no changes were observed.
conclusionDM1 and HME patients show distinct osmoregulatory responses to sodium loading when comparing to controls with indications for reduced sodium storage capacity in DM1 patients, suggesting that intact glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis is important in sodium and water homeostasis. Trial registration These trials were registered with the Netherlands trial register with registration numbers: NTR4095 ( https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/3933 at 2013-07-29) and NTR4788 ( https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/4645 at 2014-09-12).
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