Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33472388›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2021

The World Health Organization Risk Drinking Levels Measure of Alcohol Consumption: Prevalence and Health Correlates in Nationally Representative Surveys of U.S. Adults, 2001-2002 and 2012-2013.

Dvora Shmulewitz, Efrat Aharonovich, Katie Witkiewitz, Raymond F Anton, Henry R Kranzler, Jennifer Scodes, Karl F Mann, Melanie M Wall, Deborah Hasin, Alcohol Clinical Trials Initiative (ACTIVE Group)

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guideline
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  6. Article
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  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Capturing meaningful change: Initiation and maintenance of reductions in World Health Organization risk drinking levels among mandated college students.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Liver fibrosis screening increases alcohol abstinence.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
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  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Dvora ShmulewitzDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Wall, Hasin); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall, Hasin); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Witkiewitz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Anton); Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Mann); Department of Biostatistics (Wall) and Department of Epidemiology (Hasin), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.
Efrat AharonovichDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Wall, Hasin); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall, Hasin); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Witkiewitz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Anton); Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Mann); Department of Biostatistics (Wall) and Department of Epidemiology (Hasin), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.
Katie WitkiewitzDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Wall, Hasin); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall, Hasin); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Witkiewitz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Anton); Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Mann); Department of Biostatistics (Wall) and Department of Epidemiology (Hasin), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.
Raymond F AntonDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Wall, Hasin); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall, Hasin); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Witkiewitz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Anton); Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Mann); Department of Biostatistics (Wall) and Department of Epidemiology (Hasin), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.
Henry R KranzlerDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Wall, Hasin); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall, Hasin); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Witkiewitz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Anton); Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Mann); Department of Biostatistics (Wall) and Department of Epidemiology (Hasin), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.
Jennifer ScodesDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Wall, Hasin); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall, Hasin); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Witkiewitz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Anton); Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Mann); Department of Biostatistics (Wall) and Department of Epidemiology (Hasin), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.
Karl F MannDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Wall, Hasin); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall, Hasin); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Witkiewitz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Anton); Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Mann); Department of Biostatistics (Wall) and Department of Epidemiology (Hasin), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.
Melanie M WallDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Wall, Hasin); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall, Hasin); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Witkiewitz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Anton); Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Mann); Department of Biostatistics (Wall) and Department of Epidemiology (Hasin), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.
Deborah HasinDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Wall, Hasin); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall, Hasin); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Witkiewitz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Anton); Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Mann); Department of Biostatistics (Wall) and Department of Epidemiology (Hasin), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.
Alcohol Clinical Trials Initiative (ACTIVE Group)Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Wall, Hasin); New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Shmulewitz, Aharonovich, Scodes, Wall, Hasin); Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Witkiewitz); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (Anton); Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia (Kranzler); Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (Mann); Department of Biostatistics (Wall) and Department of Epidemiology (Hasin), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.

Funding

Drinking levels (binge, volume) and alcohol consequences: using national data to identify clinical trial endpoints - Administrative SupplementR01AA025309 · NIAAA · NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC · PI HASIN, DEBORAH S · 2016 to 2021
$925k
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA025309
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveLittle is known about change over time in the prevalence of World Health Organization (WHO) risk drinking levels (very high, high, moderate, low) and their association with health conditions, overall and by gender. The authors used two sets of nationally representative U.S. survey data to determine whether changes over time varied by gender and to examine whether health conditions related to alcohol were associated with WHO risk drinking level within each survey, and whether these associations differed by gender.

methodsData on current drinkers from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; N=26,655) and the 2012-2013 NESARC-III (N=25,659) were analyzed using logistic regression. Prevalence differences between surveys were estimated for each drinking level overall and by gender. Within each survey, prevalence differences by WHO risk drinking level were estimated for alcohol use disorder (AUD), drug use disorders, functional impairment, liver disease, and depressive and anxiety disorders.

resultsIn the 2012-2013 survey, the prevalences of moderate, high, and very high risk drinking were 5.9%, 3.2%, and 3.5%, respectively, representing significant increases from the prevalences in the 2001-2002 survey, which were 1.0%, 0.6%, and 0.9%, respectively. The increase for very high risk drinking among men (0.5%) was smaller than the increase among women (1.4%). Within both surveys, compared with low risk, health conditions were significantly associated with very high risk (range of prevalence differences, 2.2%-57.8%), high risk (2.6%-41.3%), and moderate risk (0.6%-29.8%) drinking. Associations were similar by gender, except that there were stronger effects for AUD in men and for functional impairment and depressive and anxiety disorders in women.

conclusionsThe increase in potentially problematic drinking levels among U.S. adults emphasizes the need for better prevention and treatment strategies. The study results support the validity of the WHO risk drinking levels, which show clinical utility as nonabstinent drinking reduction treatment goals. Such goals could engage more people in treatment, improving public health by decreasing personal and societal consequences of risk drinking.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAlcohol DrinkingAlcoholismAnxiety DisordersBinge DrinkingDepressive DisorderFemaleFunctional StatusHumansLiver DiseasesMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRiskAlcoholSubstance-Related and Addictive DisordersTreatmentWHO Risk Drinking Levels

Identifiers

PMID33472388
PMCPMC8222066

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.