ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2021
Objective gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a prospective cross-sectional study.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Chemical senses · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Recovery of Parosmia Preferentially Influences Longitudinal Improvement of Quality of Life in C19OD.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Article
- Effect of Long COVID-19: Self-Reported Questionnaires and Objective Olfactory and Gustatory Evaluations.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Taste dysfunction in Long COVID.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Oral Lesions, Dysgeusia and Osteonecrosis Related to COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Determination of objective taste perception among Iranian medical sciences students during COVID‑19 pandemic in Yazd, Eastern Iran: a case-control pilot study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Long-Term Taste and Smell Outcomes After COVID-19.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Persistent Olfactory and Taste Dysfunction after COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Post-COVID-19 patients suffer from chemosensory, trigeminal, and salivary dysfunctions.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of taste score and fungiform papillae quantification using digital image analysis in COVID-19 patients with smell and taste dysfunction.Dental research journal · 2024Article
- Transient loss and recovery of oral chemesthesis, taste and smell with COVID-19: A small case-control series.Physiology & behavior · 2023Article
- Remote psychophysical testing of smell in patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Clinical Features and Olfactory Functions in COVID-19: A Multicentre Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- The Revived Interest in Ageusia Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bibliometric Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Transient loss and recovery of oral chemesthesis, taste and smell with COVID-19: a small case-control series.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Loss of Sour Taste Is the Striking Feature among Four Basic Taste Qualities in Tunisian COVID-19 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Reply: taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Chemical senses · 2023Article
- Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19, new insights from a cohort of 353 patients: The ANOSVID study.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- Objective Evaluation of Smell and Taste Senses in COVID-19 Patients.Turkish archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the prevalence of objective gustatory (GD) and olfactory (OD) dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.
methodsThis is a prospective, cross-sectional study of 51 COVID-19 positive patients diagnosed using RT-PCR-based testing. Of these study participants, 41 reported having present GD and OD at the time of enrollment and ten patients were without symptomatic OD and GD. All participants were objectively tested for OD by Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) and for GD by Burghart taste strip test, which were mailed to the participants. The subjective presence and severity of COVID-19 symptoms of smell loss, loss of taste, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea/mucus production, fever, cough and shortness of breath were also assessed.
resultsOf the 41 patients with GD and OD, only 25.6% (10/39; p ≤ 0.0001) objectively presented GD and 39.1% (16/41; p ≤ 0.0001) OD at the time of their subjective dysfunction. Regarding GD, 23.1% (9/39) suffered from total hypogeusia, 2.6% (1/39) from ageusia. A significant loss of sour (33.3% (13/39)) and salty taste (17.9% (7/39)) could be recognized. Only 10.3% (4/39) showed a reduction in sweet and bitter taste. Concerning OD, 9.8% (4/41) showed a deficit relative to younger age in the BSIT and 29.3% (12/41) results abnormal relative to age.
conclusionSubjective and objective findings in GD and OD differ significantly. Most patients suffering from objective dysgeusia present a deficit in sour and salty taste. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: DRKS00021516; 22/04/2020.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.