ArticleeLife2021
Comparison of induced neurons reveals slower structural and functional maturation in humans than in apes.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Role for Astrocyte Metabolism in Species-Specific Neuronal Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Developmental signaling reveals functionally enriched human-specific gene regulation in telencephalic progenitors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A human-specific microRNA controls the timing of excitatory synaptogenesis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- An electrophysiological and proteomics roadmap for human induced glutamatergic neurons: fine-tuning of culture conditions for pathophysiological studies.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Rapid, Growth Factor-Reduced Induction of Functional Neurons from hiPSCs.Cells, tissues, organs · 2026Article
- Metabolism Controls the Timing of Human Brain Development and Maturation.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Review
- Old enough to be a model? On the role of maturity in stem cell-based models for neuropsychiatric disorders.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Temporal Transcriptional Regulation of Human Neuronal Differentiation via Forward Programming.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Retroviral insertions contributed to the divergence of human and chimpanzee brains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Generation and transcriptome profiling of bonobo induced pluripotent stem cells using stealth RNA vectors: a tripartite comparative study with humans and chimpanzees.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Comparing great apes reveals human-specific ZEB2 roles in neural development.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Neocortical neurogenesis: a proneural gene perspective.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic profiling of neural cultures from the KYOU iPSC line via alternative differentiation protocols.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Synaptic neoteny of human cortical neurons requires species-specific balancing of SRGAP2-SYNGAP1 cross-inhibition.Neuron · 2024Article
- Fully defined NGN2 neuron protocol reveals diverse signatures of neuronal maturation.Cell reports methods · 2024Article
- Multiscale modeling uncovers 7q11.23 copy number variation-dependent changes in ribosomal biogenesis and neuronal maturation and excitability.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Linking mitochondria metabolism, developmental timing, and human brain evolution.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2024Review
- Review
- Dynein and dynactin move long-range but are delivered separately to the axon tip.The Journal of cell biology · 2024Article
- Targeted blockade of aberrant sodium current in a stem cell-derived neuron model of SCN3A encephalopathy.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We generated induced excitatory neurons (iNeurons, iNs) from chimpanzee, bonobo, and human stem cells by expressing the transcription factor neurogenin-2 (NGN2). Single-cell RNA sequencing showed that genes involved in dendrite and synapse development are expressed earlier during iNs maturation in the chimpanzee and bonobo than the human cells. In accordance, during the first 2 weeks of differentiation, chimpanzee and bonobo iNs showed repetitive action potentials and more spontaneous excitatory activity than human iNs, and extended neurites of higher total length. However, the axons of human iNs were slightly longer at 5 weeks of differentiation. The timing of the establishment of neuronal polarity did not differ between the species. Chimpanzee, bonobo, and human neurites eventually reached the same level of structural complexity. Thus, human iNs develop slower than chimpanzee and bonobo iNs, and this difference in timing likely depends on functions downstream of NGN2.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.