ArticleRevista do Colegio Brasileiro de Cirurgioes2021
The history of robotic surgery and its evolution: when illusion becomes reality.
Article in Revista do Colegio Brasileiro de Cirurgioes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Applications of artificial intelligence in robot-assisted surgery: a systematic review.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- The Hugo™ RAS system in gynecologic robotic surgery: a systematic review of current applications.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of full economic evaluations of robotic-assisted surgery in thoracic and abdominopelvic procedures.Journal of robotic surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Feasibility and Initial Outcomes of Telesurgery in Urology: a Systematic Review of the Literature.International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyPooled it
- Robotic malfunction checklist: a guide to operating room safety, efficiency, and surgeon autonomy.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Trial
- ROBOTIC-ASSISTED VERSUS LAPAROSCOPIC INCISIONAL HERNIA REPAIR: DIFFERENCES IN DIRECT COSTS FROM A BRAZILIAN PUBLIC INSTITUTE PERSPECTIVE.Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery · 2023Trial
- Latin American and Caribbean participation in robot-assisted surgery research: productivity, collaboration, and research themes.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Current Status and Future Perspectives of Robotic Surgery for Esophagogastric Cancer in Asia.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2026Review
- Global research trends in robotic applications in plastic surgery: a bibliometric analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Review
- Learning curve for proficiency with a robotic microsurgical system: an In vitro study of young medical professionals.Surgery today · 2026Article
- Making robotic surgery viable and training general surgeons in the Brazilian public healthcare.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Implementation of a robotic surgery program in Peru: a retrospective cohort study of case mix, perioperative outcomes, and predictors of operative time.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Quality over quantity: early performance predicts suturing proficiency in robotic surgery simulation.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Observational
- Exploratory activity-based direct cost analysis of robotic platforms in urologic surgery.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- The Revolution in Surgery That Saves Millions of Lives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- From science fiction to operating room: Representations of surgery and AI in film and their ethical implications.Turkish journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Robotic-Assisted Surgery for Colorectal Cancer Treatment in 2026: An Updated Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Gender-affirming robot-assisted sigmoid vaginoplasty: Outcomes and complications from a retrospective review of 12 cases.Medicine · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Comparison of Features of Robotic Surgery Systems in Abdominal Surgeries: A Narrative Review Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Shaping the future of surgery: A scoping review of current robotic practices in KSA.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The term "robot" was concepted in the beginning of last century, coming originally from the Czech word "robota", meaning "labor". More recently, computer assistance and robotics based in the telepresence and virtual reality concept have been applied to surgical procedures. The application of robots in surgery dates approximately 35 years, experiencing significant growth in the last two decades fueled by the advent of advanced technologies. Despite its recent and brief status in surgery history, robotic technology has already proven its enhanced visualization, superior dexterity and precision during minimally invasive procedures. Currently, the worldwide diffused and predominant robot system used in surgery is Da Vinci by Intuitive Surgical, however robotic surgery evolution is far from over, with multiple potential competitors on the horizon pushing forward its paradigms. We aim to describe the history and evolution of robotic surgery in the last years as well as present its future perspectives.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.