ArticleBiological trace element research2021
Assessing Heavy Metal Burden Among Cigarette Smokers and Non-smoking Individuals in Iran: Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis.
Article in Biological trace element research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The metal mixture inflammatory index has been associated with an increased prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and higher all-cause mortality.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Heavy Metal Transfer from Cigarette Smoke to Lung Tissue: Inducing on Pulmonary Function and Bronchoalveolar Microbiome Dysregulation in Rats.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- From early smoking to COPD and other chronic respiratory disease: unraveling the roles of chemical pollutants and underlying toxicological mechanisms.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Health risk assessment and trace element analysis in tobacco products and user blood samples from urban and rural Karachi.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of cobalt exposure with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in U.S. adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory and Heavy Metal Biomarkers in Exclusive E-Cigarette Users, Combustible Tobacco Users, and Non-Users Aged 18-30: A Cross-Sectional NHANES Analysis.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Joint effects of tobacco smoke exposure and heavy metals on serum sex hormones in adult males.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Article
- Biological characterization and clinical significance of cuproptosis-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiological profile and determinants of whole blood heavy metal levels in occupationally exposed populations: a cross-sectional study in Hunan Province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Heavy metal impacts on antioxidants in cow blood from wastewater-irrigated areas.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Trace Element Concentrations in Autopsied Heart Tissues from Patients with Secondary Cardiomyopathy.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Associations of five blood heavy metals with hepatitis B virus infection and immunity in adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Selenium and zinc alleviate quaternary metal mixture -induced neurotoxicity in rats by inhibiting oxidative damage and modulating the expressions of NF-kB and Nrf2/Hmox-1 pathway.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2023Article
- Non-Uniform Bioaccumulation of Lead and Arsenic in Two Remote Regions of the Human Heart's Left Ventricle: A Post-Mortem Study.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Examining of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Hookah Smokers.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Current Levels of Environmental Exposure to Cadmium in Industrialized Countries as a Risk Factor for Kidney Damage in the General Population: A Comprehensive Review of Available Data.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The association between blood manganese and liver stiffness in participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017-2018.European journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Zinc in Prostate Health and Disease: A Mini Review.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Passive Smoking Is Associated with Multiple Heavy Metal Concentrations among Housewives in Shanxi Province, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smoking is one of the major causes of mortality and numerous diseases, both directly and indirectly. The role of smoking as a significant risk factor is already known in several human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We aimed to compare the toxicity of heavy metal levels in the two groups of cigarette smokers and non-smokers in Birjand during 2018. In this case-control study, 70 smokers were enrolled as the case group and 70 individuals with no history of smoking as control group. The cases were selected from among those who smoked 10 cigarettes per day without a drug use history. Heavy metal concentrations were collected in participants' serum samples. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis were employed to compare heavy metal toxicity between the groups. The duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes consumed per day were 14.36 ± 12.75 years and 11.32 ± 7.23, respectively. The concentration of thallium (Ti), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) was significantly higher in the smoker group than that in the non-smoker group (p < 0.05). Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and cobalt (Co) are among the most important metals accumulated in smokers' blood, and 21.6% of our study's total data was associated with them. Cluster analysis in the smoker group, including A1 (Cd), A2 (Co, Pb), B1 (Ti), B2 (mercury (Hg), As, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn)) and C (Mn and Cu). In our study, cluster analysis showed a different grouping of elements in patient and control groups. Lead, cadmium, and cobalt were the most critical metals accumulated in the blood of cigarette smokers.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.