Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33469733›Full record

ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2021

Nasal symptoms increase the risk of snoring and snoring increases the risk of nasal symptoms. A longitudinal population study.

Maria Värendh, Christer Janson, Caroline Bengtsson, Johan Hellgren, Mathias Holm, Vivi Schlünssen, Ane Johannessen, Karl Franklin, Torgeir Storaas, Rain Jõgi and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.

Maria VärendhDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE-222 41, Lund, Sweden. maria.varendh@med.lu.se.ORCID 0000-0001-8421-4804
Christer JansonDepartment of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Caroline BengtssonDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Johan HellgrenDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Mathias HolmOccupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Vivi SchlünssenDepartment of Public Health, Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Ane JohannessenCenter for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Karl FranklinDepartment of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Torgeir StoraasDepartment of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Rain JõgiLung Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia.
Thorarinn GislasonLandspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Eva LindbergDepartment of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Uppsala University · SEAarhus University · DKHaukeland University Hospital · NOLund University · SESahlgrenska University Hospital · SETartu University Hospital · EEUmeå University · SEUniversity of Bergen · NOUniversity of Gothenburg · SEUniversity of Iceland · IS

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeHumans have a preference for nasal breathing during sleep. This 10-year prospective study aimed to determine if nasal symptoms can predict snoring and also if snoring can predict development of nasal symptoms. The hypothesis proposed is that nasal symptoms affect the risk of snoring 10 years later, whereas snoring does not increase the risk of developing nasal symptoms.

methodsIn the cohort study, Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE), a random population from Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, born between 1945 and 1973, was investigated by postal questionnaires in 1999-2001 (RHINE II, baseline) and in 2010-2012 (RHINE III, follow-up). The study population consisted of the participants who had answered questions on nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, discharge, and sneezing, and also snoring both at baseline and at follow-up (n = 10,112).

resultsNasal symptoms were frequent, reported by 48% of the entire population at baseline, with snoring reported by 24%. Nasal symptoms at baseline increased the risk of snoring at follow-up (adj. OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.22-1.58) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI change between baseline and follow-up, and smoking status. Snoring at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing nasal symptoms at follow-up (adj. OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02-1.47).

conclusionNasal symptoms are independent risk factors for development of snoring 10 years later, and surprisingly, snoring is a risk factor for the development of nasal symptoms.

Indexed as

AdultEstoniaFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedNasal ObstructionNose DiseasesRisk FactorsScandinavian and Nordic CountriesSnoringTime FactorsEpidemiologyNasal obstructionSleepSnoring

Identifiers

PMID33469733
PMCPMC8590672
OpenAlexW3123273733

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.