ArticleNucleic acids research2021
Parallel reaction pathways accelerate folding of a guanine quadruplex.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Collision-induced transfer enhances ligand-binding kinetics in guanine quadruplex DNA.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- The Zuo1 C-terminal domain stabilizes DNA guanosine quadruplex (G4) structures located on Chromosome IX in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Effects of flanking regions on DNA i-motif folding and stability.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- G-quadruplexes as pivotal components of cis-regulatory elements in the human genome.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Structural Polymorphism of Guanine Quadruplex-Containing Regions in Human Promoters.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Iso-FRET: an isothermal competition assay to analyze quadruplex formation in vitro.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Using transient equilibria (TREQ) to measure the thermodynamics of slowly assembling supramolecular systems.Science advances · 2022Article
- Developments in solution-state NMR yield broader and deeper views of the dynamic ensembles of nucleic acids.Current opinion in structural biology · 2021Review
- Mechanical diversity and folding intermediates of parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes with a bulge.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Frustrated folding of guanine quadruplexes in telomeric DNA.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded, guanine-rich nucleic acid structures that can influence a variety of biological processes such as the transcription and translation of genes and DNA replication. In many cases, a single G4-forming nucleic acid sequence can adopt multiple different folded conformations that interconvert on biologically relevant timescales, entropically stabilizing the folded state. The coexistence of different folded conformations also suggests that there are multiple pathways leading from the unfolded to the folded state ensembles, potentially modulating the folding rate and biological activity. We have developed an experimental method for quantifying the contributions of individual pathways to the folding of conformationally heterogeneous G4s that is based on mutagenesis, thermal hysteresis kinetic experiments and global analysis, and validated our results using photocaged kinetic NMR experiments. We studied the regulatory Pu22 G4 from the c-myc oncogene promoter, which adopts at least four distinct folded isomers. We found that the presence of four parallel pathways leads to a 2.5-fold acceleration in folding; that is, the effective folding rate from the unfolded to folded ensembles is 2.5 times as large as the rate constant for the fastest individual pathway. Since many G4 sequences can adopt many more than four isomers, folding accelerations of more than an order of magnitude are possible via this mechanism.
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