Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33469587›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2021

Male sex and age biases viral burden, viral shedding, and type 1 and 2 interferon responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets.

Magen E Francis, Brian Richardson, Mara McNeil, Melissa Rioux, Mary K Foley, Anni Ge, Roger D Pechous, Jason Kindrachuk, Cheryl M Cameron, Christopher Richardson and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Magen E FrancisDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Brian RichardsonDepartment of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA44106.
Mara McNeilDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Melissa RiouxDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Mary K FoleyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Anni GeDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Roger D PechousUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Little Rock, AK, USA.
Jason KindrachukVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Cheryl M CameronDepartment of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Christopher RichardsonDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Jocelyne LewVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Mark J CameronDepartment of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA44106.
Volker GerdtsVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Darryl FalzaranoVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Alyson A KelvinDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
Dalhousie University · CAUniversity of Saskatchewan · CACase Western Reserve University · USUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences · USUniversity of Manitoba · CA

Funding

Non-inferiority study of adjuvanted vs. high dose flu vaccine in residents of long term careR01AI129709 · NIAID · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI CANADAY, DAVID H, GRAVENSTEIN, STEFAN · 2018 to 2021
$4.7M
Defining the Role of the Plasminogen Activator Protease in the Early Events that Establish Primary Pneumonic PlagueR56AI153252 · NIAID · UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS · PI PECHOUS, ROGER D · 2020 to 2020
$375k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI129709NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI153252
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) hospitalizations and deaths disportionally affect males and the elderly. Here we investigated the impact of male sex and age by infecting adult male, aged male, and adult female ferrets with SARS-CoV-2. Aged male ferrets had a decrease in temperature which was accompanied by prolonged viral replication with increased pathology in the upper respiratory tract after infection. Transcriptome analysis of the nasal turbinates and lungs indicated that female ferrets had significant increases in interferon response genes (OASL, MX1, ISG15, etc.) on day 2 post infection which was delayed in aged males. In addition, genes associated with taste and smell such as RTP1, CHGA, and CHGA1 at later time points were upregulated in males but not in females. These results provide insight into COVID-19 and suggests that older males may play a role in viral transmission due to decreased antiviral responses.

Identifiers

PMID33469587
PMCPMC7814824
OpenAlexW3120658235

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.