ReviewInternational journal of general medicine2021
Reducing Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders (PND) Through Depth of Anesthesia Monitoring: A Critical Review.
Review in International journal of general medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The impact of cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring on perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a meta-analysis and economic analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Potential Markers of Neurocognitive Disorders After Cardiac Surgery: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- The Impact of Anesthetic Management Under Bispectral Index Monitoring on the Early Recovery Quality of Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Trial
- Glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system imbalance: a peripheral-to-central inflammatory bridge in perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comparison of Cognitive Deterioration Between Propofol and Remimazolam Anesthesia in ApoE4 Knock-In Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Intraoperative use of processed electroencephalogram in a quaternary center: a quality improvement audit.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2024Article
- Review
- Consensus Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERASWorld journal of surgery · 2023Review
- Chronic pain following elective surgery under general anesthesia in older adults.Journal of anesthesia · 2023Article
- Effects of qCON and qNOX-guided general anaesthesia management on patient opioid use and prognosis: a study protocol.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Electroacupuncture ameliorates surgery-induced spatial memory deficits by promoting mitophagy in rats.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Dementia risk after major elective surgery based on the route of anaesthesia: A propensity score-matched population-based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- EEG microstate quantifiers and state space descriptors during anaesthesia in patients with postoperative delirium: a descriptive analysis.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Electroacupuncture ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction and associated neuroinflammation via NLRP3 signal inhibition in aged mice.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Article
- Do We Have Measures to Reduce Post-operative Cognitive Dysfunction?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Mitigation of perioperative neurocognitive disorders: A holistic approach.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Article
- Gut microbiota: a new player in the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder?Ibrain · 2021Review
- Bridging neural circuits and clinical outcomes: a novel framework for perioperative disturbances of consciousness and cognition.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
General anesthesia has been administered for over 150 years, and in that time, has become progressively safer. Improvements in outcomes have been driven by multiple advances, including the use of non-invasive monitors to assess cardiovascular and respiratory status. More recent advances have included the development and use of monitors to measure neurologic status by means of "processed" electroencephalography (pEEG), wherein the frontal EEG signal is analyzed by proprietary algorithms to produce a dimensionless number (scaled from 0 to 100), wherein low values are associated with deepening levels of sedation that progresses to loss of consciousness. Such monitors have been shown to enable anesthetic titration so as to expedite emergence and early recovery, and their use is advocated for the prevention of intraoperative awareness in the setting of administration of total intravenous anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade. Whether their use can minimize, or prevent, longer term adverse events is a matter of debate. In this narrative review of the most recent literature, we provide an assessment on the use of pEEG monitors in the prevention of a notable, and important, postoperative adverse outcome - delirium - in elderly patients. As we will discuss, the existing data do not support its routine use for the prevention of postoperative delirium in this, or any other, patient population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.