ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2021
The Efficacy of Dose Increments of Botulinum Toxin A in the Treatment of Childhood Esotropia.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Use of Botulinum Toxin for Esotropia Treatment in Government Hospitals of Bahrain: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Prism and Maddox rod test as a reliable tool for surgical targeting in small-angle AACE.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dose-Effect Relationship of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Management of Strabismus: A Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Comparison of Dose Increments of Botulinum Toxin A with Surgery as Primary Treatment for Infantile Esotropia and Partially Accommodative Esotropia.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- A Novel Method Ensuring an Immediate Target Angle After Horizontal Strabismus Surgery in Children.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection in the Treatment of Infantile and Partially Accommodative Esotropia.Middle East African journal of ophthalmologyArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBotulinum toxin is known to have a powerful chemodenervation effect, and it is a well-established alternative to incisional surgery for strabismus. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of dose increments of botulinum toxin A (BTA) for the treatment of specific ranges of angle deviation.
methodsThis was a prospective study that included patients presenting with esotropia to Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital between 2016 and 2020, who were managed by a single surgeon. Botulinum toxin was given in different dosages (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 international units (IU)) according to the size of deviation (11-19, 20-29, 30-39, and ≥40 prism diopters (PD)), respectively. A successful outcome was defined as deviation ≤10 PD in the last visit (a minimum of 6 months) following a single injection.
resultsA total of 56 patients with esotropia were included. The mean pre-treatment angle of deviation was 38.6 ± 2.5 PD. BTA injection in a dose of 2.5 IU for the 11-19 PD angle of deviation showed the highest rate of successful outcomes (75%). According to the type of esotropia, partially accommodative esotropia showed the best response to the use of dose increments (59%). The incidence of ptosis post-BTA injection was the least (37.5%) with the smallest dose (2.5 IU).
conclusionBTA usage in dose increments is safe, efficient, and might be more cost-effective with less incidence of BTA associated complications. Different esotropia diagnoses have different clinical responses. However, larger studies are necessary to better predict the outcome of using dose increments.
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