ArticleNature communications2021
Clostridioides difficile exploits toxin-mediated inflammation to alter the host nutritional landscape and exclude competitors from the gut microbiota.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on the Gut Microbiome of Older Adults.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Microbiome-based therapeutics forGut microbes · 2026Review
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- Convergent methodologies in prosthetic joint infection research: integrating transdisciplinary approaches to understand and prevent biofilm-driven failure of orthopaedic prostheses.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Review
- A programmed reset mechanism primesScience advances · 2026Article
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- Phase variable colony morphotypes ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Perturbations shift the composition of bacterial DNA carried by virus-like particles in the murine gut microbiome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ecological and dietary strategies to constrain Clostridioides difficile.Cell host & microbe · 2026Review
- Quantification of L- and D-enantiomers of proline, trans-4-hydroxyproline and cis-4-hydroxyproline in natural samples using differential labelling with 12C- and 13C6-dabsyl chloride, chiral separation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Journal of biochemistry · 2026Article
- Carbadox, a veterinary growth promoter exhibits anticlostridial activity through induction of oxidative stress in Clostridioides difficile.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
- Acidification-dependent suppression ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of Clostridioides difficile infection (1990-2021) with projections to 2051: A multimodal analysis integrating machine learning (SHAP-XGBoost) and GBD 2021 data.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Colonic epithelial regeneration shapes susceptibility tobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- TrIdent - An R package to automate transductomics analysis of virus-like particle mediated DNA mobilization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Association between Clostridioides difficile Test Positivity and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in a Multisite Hospital-Based Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Cancer research communications · 2026Observational
- Article
- Acidification-dependent suppression ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation modulates jejunal microbiota, metabolome, and morphology in yaks under high-energy feeding.Animal microbiome · 2026Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a bacterial pathogen that causes a range of clinical disease from mild to moderate diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, and toxic megacolon. Typically, C. difficile infections (CDIs) occur after antibiotic treatment, which alters the gut microbiota, decreasing colonization resistance against C. difficile. Disease is mediated by two large toxins and the expression of their genes is induced upon nutrient depletion via the alternative sigma factor TcdR. Here, we use tcdR mutants in two strains of C. difficile and omics to investigate how toxin-induced inflammation alters C. difficile metabolism, tissue gene expression and the gut microbiota, and to determine how inflammation by the host may be beneficial to C. difficile. We show that C. difficile metabolism is significantly different in the face of inflammation, with changes in many carbohydrate and amino acid uptake and utilization pathways. Host gene expression signatures suggest that degradation of collagen and other components of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases is a major source of peptides and amino acids that supports C. difficile growth in vivo. Lastly, the inflammation induced by C. difficile toxin activity alters the gut microbiota, excluding members from the genus Bacteroides that are able to utilize the same essential nutrients released from collagen degradation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.