ArticleNature communications2021
Intratumoral IL-12 delivery empowers CAR-T cell immunotherapy in a pre-clinical model of glioblastoma.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 197 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
197 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 283 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies and mechanisms for the enhancement of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell functions.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Scientometric analysis of glioblastoma and blood-brain barrier research (1995-2024): evolving trends and therapeutic challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Immune-related pan-cancer gene expression signatures of patient survival revealed by NanoString-based analyses.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of molecular and clinical variables on survival outcome with immunotherapy for glioblastoma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in non-oncological diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Glioma microenvironment: Cellular crosstalk, immunosuppression, and novel therapeutic perspectives.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Targeting Regnase-1 in B7-H3-CAR T cells reprograms the tumor microenvironment and enhances antitumor efficacy for osteosarcoma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Armored Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy Targets Antigen-Heterogeneous Glioma.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Mechanisms, optimization strategies, and salvage options for CAR-T cell therapy.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Intracranially injected chimeric antigen receptor T cells eradicate glioblastoma cells but have limited potential to persist in the brain in a syngeneic mouse model.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- The dual balance of the cytokine network: key messengers of immune activation and triggers of cytokine storm.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Enhancing persistence while managing cytokine release syndrome to embrace next-generation CAR-T cell therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Myeloid compartment reprogramming through nanoparticle-delivered resiquimod blocks paracrine growth support and activates phagocytosis to slow tumor progression in endogenous mouse medulloblastoma and diffuse midline glioma models.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Natural and Engineered Cytokines as Cancer Therapeutics.Annual review of cancer biology · 2026Article
- Pathology-directed drug delivery strategies: How to overcome blood-brain barrier for the treatment of brain diseases.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- IL-12-secreting CAR-T cells reprogram the tumor microenvironment and improve efficacy against heterogeneous models of glioblastoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Myeloid-derived immunosuppression of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in the neuronal microenvironment of glioblastoma.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Endogenous immune recruitment in glioblastoma CAR T therapy: cytokine, myeloid, and chemokine circuitry.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
137 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain cancer, for which effective therapies are urgently needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic approach, but it is often impeded by highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME). Here, in an immunocompetent, orthotopic GBM mouse model, we show that CAR-T cells targeting tumor-specific epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) alone fail to control fully established tumors but, when combined with a single, locally delivered dose of IL-12, achieve durable anti-tumor responses. IL-12 not only boosts cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells, but also reshapes the TME, driving increased infiltration of proinflammatory CD4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.