ArticlemBio2021
Genome Sequencing of Sewage Detects Regionally Prevalent SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
Article in mBio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 212 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
212 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 373 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches to SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Surveillance.Viruses · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Long-Term Wastewater Genomic Surveillance Reveals SARS-CoV-2 Variant Dynamics in Italy from 2021 to 2025.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Integrating HTS and CRISPR/Cas for next-generation nucleic and non-nucleic acid diagnostics.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Review
- Statewide multi-year wastewater sequencing reveals dual origins of HIV-1 signal.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Rapid evolution reveals long-range spread of SARS-CoV-2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 wastewater genomic surveillance: approaches, challenges, and opportunities.Genome biology · 2026Review
- Wastewater genomic surveillance identifies the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 lineage in urban settings of Gujarat.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- High-throughput sequencing reveals the virome characteristics of wastewater in Gansu Province, China from 2024 to 2026.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- RNA metagenomic profiling of mosquito viromes associated with Vector-Borne diseases in Quebec, Canada.PloS one · 2026Article
- Deep metatranscriptomic sequencing data of wastewater from Los Angeles, USA, 2023-2024.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Unsupervised detection and fitness estimation of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: Application to wastewater samples (ANRS0160).PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Human mobility and sewage data correlate with COVID-19 epidemic evolution in a 3-year surveillance of the metropolitan area of Bologna.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Viral Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for One Health Discovery and Surveillance of (Re)Emerging Viruses: A Deep Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Optimization of DNA extraction methods from pig farm wastewater for pathogen detection using metagenomic sequencing.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- Versatile wastewater monitoring of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance enabled by metatranscriptomics and long-read metagenomics.Research square · 2025Article
- Optimization of the Primary Sludge Processing Method for Wastewater Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV‑2.ACS ES&T water · 2025Article
- Early detection of emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants from wastewater through genome sequencing and machine learning.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants in southwest Ohio municipal wastewater.Environmental science : water research & technology · 2025Article
152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Viral genome sequencing has guided our understanding of the spread and extent of genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes are usually sequenced from nasopharyngeal swabs of individual patients to track viral spread. Recently, RT-qPCR of municipal wastewater has been used to quantify the abundance of SARS-CoV-2 in several regions globally. However, metatranscriptomic sequencing of wastewater can be used to profile the viral genetic diversity across infected communities. Here, we sequenced RNA directly from sewage collected by municipal utility districts in the San Francisco Bay Area to generate complete and nearly complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes. The major consensus SARS-CoV-2 genotypes detected in the sewage were identical to clinical genomes from the region. Using a pipeline for single nucleotide variant calling in a metagenomic context, we characterized minor SARS-CoV-2 alleles in the wastewater and detected viral genotypes which were also found within clinical genomes throughout California. Observed wastewater variants were more similar to local California patient-derived genotypes than they were to those from other regions within the United States or globally. Additional variants detected in wastewater have only been identified in genomes from patients sampled outside California, indicating that wastewater sequencing can provide evidence for recent introductions of viral lineages before they are detected by local clinical sequencing. These results demonstrate that epidemiological surveillance through wastewater sequencing can aid in tracking exact viral strains in an epidemic context.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.