ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Pervasive cropland in protected areas highlight trade-offs between conservation and food security.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Synergies and trade-offs for reaching global biodiversity and climate commitments.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Trade-offs between nature and people in Ethiopia's protected areas demonstrate challenges in translating global conservation targets into national realities.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Optimization of New Cropland Allocation to Enhance Stable Utilization Potential: A Case Study of Guangdong Province, China.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Projected human land-use pressures and natural habitat conversion risk within global terrestrial protected areas.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Evaluating protected areas' coverage of threats to terrestrial biodiversity.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025Article
- Eliminating hunger in a world serious about climate mitigation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Synergies between speciation and conservation science yield novel insights for mitigating the biodiversity crisis of the Anthropocene.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Three-quarters of species' ranges have not been covered by protected areas in global borders.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mixed effectiveness of global protected areas in resisting habitat loss.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Framework for multi-stressor physiological response evaluation in amphibian risk assessment and conservation.Frontiers in ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- Accelerated cropland expansion into high integrity forests and protected areas globally in the 21st century.iScience · 2023Article
- Biodiversity effects of food system sustainability actions from farm to fork.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Species ethnobotanical values rather than regional species pool determine plant diversity in agroforestry systems.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Pervasive cropland in protected areas highlight trade-offs between conservation and food security.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Global cropland expansion over the last century caused widespread habitat loss and degradation. Establishment of protected areas aims to counteract the loss of habitats and to slow species extinctions. However, many protected areas also include high levels of habitat disturbance and conversion for uses such as cropland. Understanding where and why this occurs may realign conservation priorities and inform protected area policy in light of competing priorities such as food security. Here, we use our global synthesis cropland dataset to quantify cropland in protected areas globally and assess their relationship to conservation aims and socio-environmental context. We estimate that cropland occupies 1.4 million km
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