ArticleBMJ open2021
Impact on health and provision of healthcare services during the COVID-19 lockdown in India: a multicentre cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- The emotional cost of containment: a cross-sectional analysis of treatment effects among informal carers in South Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic.Global health action · 2025Article
- COVID-19 pandemic versus six "A"s of health care services - accessibility, affordability, availability, appropriateness, adequacy, and adherence.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- What Lessons can Be Learned From the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic?International journal of public health · 2025Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Neonates with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN): A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neglected tropical diseases in India: a perspective.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- The impact of COVID-19 on patient engagement with primary healthcare: lessons from the saudi primary care setting.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Testing Uptake Among Key Populations Enrolled in Targeted Intervention Program in Maharashtra, India.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Article
- Substantial increase in stillbirth rate during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a population-based study in the Indian state of Bihar.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Snakebite care through the first two waves of COVID-19 in West Bengal, India: a qualitative study.Toxicon: X · 2023Article
- Diabetic Foot Assessment and Care: Barriers and Facilitators in a Cross-Sectional Study in Bangalore, India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Unintended Consequences of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) for Population Health and Health Inequalities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Prevalence of physical health conditions and health risk behaviours in people with severe mental illness in South Asia: multi-country cross-sectional survey.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on some modifiable risk factors of dementia in an aging, rural Indian population.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
- Depression and anxiety during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in two large, prospective, aging cohorts in rural and urban India.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of diabetes mellitus during COVID-19-related lockdown in India.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Adaptations to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic by private sector tuberculosis care providers in India.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2022Article
- Tele-Ophthalmology Versus Face-to-Face Retinal Consultation for Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetes Care Centers in India: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2022Observational
- COVID-19 pandemic effects on the distribution of healthcare services in India: A systematic review.World journal of virology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a national lockdown in India from midnight on 25 March 2020, with conditional relaxation by phases and zones from 20 April. We evaluated the impact of the lockdown in terms of healthcare provisions, physical health, mental health and social well-being within a multicentre cross-sectional study in India.
methodsThe SMART India study is an ongoing house-to-house survey conducted across 20 regions including 11 states and 1 union territory in India to study diabetes and its complications in the community. During the lockdown, we developed an online questionnaire and delivered it in English and seven popular Indian languages (Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Telegu, Kannada, Bengali, Malayalam) to random samples of SMART-India participants in two rounds from 5 May 2020 to 24 May 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the overall impact on health and healthcare provision in phases 3 and 4 of lockdown in red and non-red zones and their interactions.
resultsA total of 2003 participants completed this multicentre survey. The bivariate relationships between the outcomes and lockdown showed significant negative associations. In the multivariable analyses, the interactions between the red zones and lockdown showed that all five dimensions of healthcare provision were negatively affected (non-affordability: OR 1.917 (95% CI 1.126 to 3.264), non-accessibility: OR 2.458 (95% CI 1.549 to 3.902), inadequacy: OR 3.015 (95% CI 1.616 to 5.625), inappropriateness: OR 2.225 (95% CI 1.200 to 4.126) and discontinuity of care: OR 6.756 (95% CI 3.79 to 12.042)) and associated depression and social loneliness.
conclusionThe impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on health and healthcare was negative. The exaggeration of income inequality during lockdown can be expected to extend the negative impacts beyond the lockdown.
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