ArticlePublic health nutrition2021
Analysis of health claims regarding creatine monohydrate present in commercial communications for a sample of European sports foods supplements.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Labeling Compliance of Dietary Supplements: An Observational Study in the Beni Mellal Khenifra Region.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- From labels to influencers: evaluating the alignment of nitrate and beetroot juice claims on sports supplement marketing with scientific consensus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Ergogenic and Physiological Effects of Sports Supplements: Implications for Advertising and Consumer Information.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Health Claims for Protein Food Supplements for Athletes-The Analysis Is in Accordance with the EFSA's Scientific Opinion.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- Health Claims for Sports Drinks-Analytical Assessmentaccording to European Food Safety Authority's Scientific Opinion.Nutrients · 2024Observational
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Sports Food Consumption Patterns, Experiences, and Perceptions amongst Non-Athletes in Australia.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Prevalence and Compliance of Health Claims Used in the Labelling and Information for Prepacked Foods within Great Britain.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Sports foods are not all they shake up to be. An audit of formulated supplementary sports food products and packaging in Australian retail environments.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Caffeine Health Claims on Sports Supplement Labeling. Analytical Assessment According to EFSA Scientific Opinion and International Evidence and Criteria.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo analyse the information on health claims present in the labelling of creatine monohydrate (CM) products.
designA descriptive study of a selection of products marketed as CM, with health claims, and that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, was conducted using the Amazon and Google Shopping websites. The adequacy and compliance of the health claims were evaluated with the European legislative requirements (European Food Safety Authority and European Commission). The results were discussed with scientific evidence criteria from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Olympic Committee, and International Society of Sports Nutrition, as well as the systematic review carried out by Mielgo-Ayuso in 2019.
settingHealth claims in the commercial communications of a sample of CM supplements, in relation to current legislation and scientific knowledge. PARTICIPANT: A total of 554 CM products were obtained.
resultsOf the total sample, only 167 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Of these, 30·5 % recommended a CM dose of 5·0-5·9 g/d, while 29·9 % recommended 3·0 to 3·9 g/d. As for the health claims, 'Enhances physical performance' appeared in 73·1 % of the supplements, in most cases referring to a dosage of 3·0 to 3·9 g/d for these products. The rest of the declarations were not adequate or needed to be modified.
conclusionOnly 25 % of the health claims complied with the criteria established by the scientific reference documents. Most of the declarations must be modified or eliminated, as they could be considered fraudulent and/or misleading for the consumer.
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Registered trials
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