ArticleAnnals of general psychiatry2021
Measuring the paradox of self-stigma: psychometric properties of a brief scale.
Article in Annals of general psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dignity in mental health care: the conceptual connections between sense of dignity, stigma and self-stigma among people with mental disorder diagnoses.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Direct and indirect impacts of discrimination, internalized stigma, and disease disclosure on inflammatory bowel disease patient health outcomes.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Article
- Health Outcomes, Discrimination, and Stigma Among Sexual and Gender Minority People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Article
- The impact of self-stigmatization on the mental health of female sex workers (FSWs).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Towards measuring food insecurity stigma: development and validation of the Food Insecurity Self-stigma Scale and the Food Support Experiences Scale.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Measurement of perceived pressures in psychiatry: paper-and-pencil and computerized adaptive version of the P-PSY35 scale.Annals of general psychiatry · 2024Article
- Improving Pathways to Care for Patients at High Psychosis Risk in Switzerland: PsyYoung Study Protocol.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Negative representations of night-shift work and mental health of public hospital healthcare workers in the COVID-19 era (Aladdin survey).BMC health services research · 2023Observational
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExposure to public stigma can lead to stereotype endorsement and resignation, which are constructs related to self-stigma. This latter phenomenon has well-documented deleterious consequences for people living with mental illness. Paradoxically, it can also lead to the empowering reactions of righteous anger and coming out proud.
aimThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a brief tool to measure stereotype endorsement, righteous anger, and non-disclosure across different groups of stigmatized persons. This process was conducted in collaboration with users.
methodUsing focus groups with mental health professionals and people living with mental illness, 72 items were developed to measure various aspects of self-stigma. The Paradox of Self-Stigma scale (PaSS-24) containing 24 items and three subscores (stereotype endorsement, non-disclosure, and righteous anger) resulted from a calibration phase using factor analysis. This structure was cross-validated on an independent sample. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity were also evaluated.
results202 patients were assessed. The PaSS-24 demonstrated good internal validity. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity estimates were also good.
conclusionsThe PaSS-24 is a short but psychometrically rigorous tool designed to measure self-stigma and related constructs in French language, developed in collaboration with users. The development and validation of the PaSS-24 represent a first step towards implementing and evaluating programs aimed at reducing negative consequences of self-stigma.
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