ArticleVaccines2021
Nucleocapsid and Spike Proteins of the Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Induce
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 blockade in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Immunoregulatory effect of metformin in monocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit 1.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2026Article
- Effect of PEI25k/DOTAP/cholesterol liposomal formulation on the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-encoding DNA vaccine.Biotechnologia · 2026Article
- Hybrid immunity from bivalent vaccination and prior infection enhances humoral and innate protection against Omicron XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1.1 variants in Japan.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunoregulatory effect of metformin in monocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit 1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Development of an in vitro method to assess the immunogenicity of biologics in the prevention of infectious diseases.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Review
- Hamsters immunized with formalin-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 develop accelerated lung histopathological lesions and Th2-biased response following infection.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Using virtual patient cohorts to uncover immune response differences in cancer and immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Upregulates RANTES Expression in A172 Glioblastoma Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Long-term changes in the phenotype and cytokine production of monocytes in COVID-19 recovered and vaccinated individuals.Infection and immunity · 2024Article
- Multifaceted role of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in lung injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Delayed macrophage targeting by clodronate liposomes worsens the progression of cytokine storm syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Structural proteins of human coronaviruses: what makes them different?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Intracellular Degradation of SARS-CoV-2 N-Protein Caused by Modular Nanotransporters Containing Anti-N-Protein Monobody and a Sequence That Recruits the Keap1 E3 Ligase.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Enhancement of IL-6 Production Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Bangladeshi COVID-19 Patients' Sera.Viruses · 2023Article
- Diversity of Short Linear Interaction Motifs in SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Modulation of the Immune Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The pandemic of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has led to the deaths of more than 1.5 million people worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, which exhibits wide variation in the course of disease in different people, ranging from asymptomatic and mild courses to very severe courses that can result in respiratory failure and death. Despite the rapid progression of knowledge, we still do not know how individual cells of the immune system interact with the virus or its components, or how immune homeostasis becomes disrupted, leading to the rapid deterioration of a patient's condition. In the present work, we show that SARS-CoV-2 proteins induce the expression and secretion of IL-6 by human monocytes and macrophages, the first line cells of antiviral immune responses. IL-6 may play a negative role in the course of COVID-19 by inhibiting Th1-dependent immunity and stimulating Th17 lymphocytes, thus leading to an increased probability of a cytokine storm.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.