ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
Systematic Review: Anesthetic Protocols and Management as Confounders in Rodent Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD fMRI)-Part B: Effects of Anesthetic Agents, Doses and Timing.
Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Where do we stand on fMRI in awake mice?Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Pooled it
- Preclinical in-vivo cerebrovascular imaging in rodent models: Methods and applications in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Longitudinal resting-state fMRI of awake mice during habituation: stress, head motion, and functional connectivity.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- High-dose medetomidine increases functional connectivity in the fear-related regions after electrical stimulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mapping of neurovascular and neurometabolic couplings by multimodal optical imaging.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Considerations and recommendations from the ISMRM diffusion study group for preclinical diffusion MRI: Part 1: In vivo small-animal imaging.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Review
- Neuroimaging Model of Visceral Manipulation in an Awake Rat.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- High-resolution awake mouse fMRI at 14 tesla.eLife · 2025Article
- Activation mapping in multi-center retrospective rat sensory-evoked functional MRI datasets using a unified pipeline.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Low-cost physiology and behavioral monitor for intravital imaging in small mammals.Neurophotonics · 2025Article
- Non-invasive MRI of blood-cerebrospinal fluid-barrier function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: a potential biomarker of early pathology.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- High-resolution awake mouse fMRI at 14 Tesla.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Metabolic brain imaging with glucosamine CEST MRI: in vivo characterization and first insights.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Promising Cerebral Blood Flow Enhancers in Acute Ischemic Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2023Review
- Advances in photoacoustic imaging aided by nano contrast agents: special focus on role of lymphatic system imaging for cancer theranostics.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- The Role of fMRI in Drug Development: An Update.Advances in neurobiology · 2023Article
- Contrasting dose-dependent effects of acute intravenous methamphetamine on lateral hypothalamic extracellular glucose dynamics in male and female rats.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Wireless charging-mediated angiogenesis and nerve repair by adaptable microporous hydrogels from conductive building blocks.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The current status and trend of the functional magnetic resonance combined with stimulation in animals.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Applications in Awake Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In rodent models the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under anesthesia is common. The anesthetic protocol might influence fMRI readouts either directly or via changes in physiological parameters. As long as those factors cannot be objectively quantified, the scientific validity of fMRI in rodents is impaired. In the present systematic review, literature analyzing in rats and mice the influence of anesthesia regimes and concurrent physiological functions on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI results was investigated. Studies from four databases that were searched were selected following pre-defined criteria. Two separate articles publish the results; the herewith presented article includes the analyses of 83 studies. Most studies found differences in BOLD fMRI readouts with different anesthesia drugs and dose rates, time points of imaging or when awake status was compared to anesthetized animals. To obtain scientifically valid, reproducible results from rodent fMRI studies, stable levels of anesthesia with agents suitable for the model under investigation as well as known and objectively quantifiable effects on readouts are, thus, mandatory. Further studies should establish dose ranges for standardized anesthetic protocols and determine time windows for imaging during which influence of anesthesia on readout is objectively quantifiable.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.