ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
Characteristics and Welfare of Long-Term Shelter Dogs.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- The vacuum effect in free-roaming dog management: Conceptual foundations, boundary conditions, and One Health implications.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Functional and Transcriptional Responses of Neutrophils from Dogs Living Under Different Housing Conditions Following In Vitro Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Municipal Outsourcing and Animal Welfare Outcomes in Contracted Dog Shelters: A 10-Year Retrospective Policy Evaluation in Korea.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Beyond the Administrative Label: Municipal Shelter Conversion and Dog Outcomes in Korea, 2016-2025.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Shelter Dog Census Changes Track Intakes but Resolve Slowly via Outcomes and Especially Adoptions.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of an Observational Behavior Tool (LIFEAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Stress in Free-Roaming and Shelter-Housed Dogs: A Review of Neurobiological, Physiological and Behavioral Mechanisms Relevant to Welfare Assessment.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Comparing behavioural sampling methods in shelter dogs: implications for enrichment studies.Animal cognition · 2026Article
- Stress-Related Immunomodulation of Canine Lymphocyte Responses and Hematologic Profiles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Evaluation of 1cp-LSD for Enhancing Welfare in Shelter Dogs: A Randomized Blind Trial with Ethological Intervention.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Linking shelter conditions to health: A multisystem analysis of stress, metabolism, and fecal microbiota in dogs.PloS one · 2026Article
- Combined enrichment and pharmaceutical intervention reduces excessive arousal in shelter dogs in a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Hematological Changes and Immunomodulation of Neutrophil and Monocyte Populations in Shelter Dogs.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- A Preliminary Evaluation of the Comparative Efficacy of Gel-Based and Oil-Based CBD on Hematologic and Biochemical Responses in Dogs.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Behaviors of Shelter Dogs During Harnessing and Leash Walks: Prevalence, Demographics, and Length of Stay.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Prevalent and Severe Conditions That Compromise the Welfare of Shelter Dogs: Opinions from the Taiwanese Experts.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Literature review of the use of Qualitative Behaviour Assessment with a fixed list of terms.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- A qualitative exploration of owner experiences following dog adoption.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- The effect of staff training on welfare outcomes of free-roaming dogs in a catch-neuter-vaccinate-release facility in India.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To identify characteristics that distinguish long-term (LT: stay > 1 year) from short-term shelter dogs (ST: ≤5 months) and to investigate if a long-term stay impairs welfare, we compared ST and LT dogs in Austrian no-kill shelters. Analyses including characteristics such as breed, sex, or age (shelter records), problem behaviour, and personality (questionnaires completed by staff) showed that LT dogs were significantly more often a "dangerous breed", male, and older when admitted to the shelter. They were rated higher on "aggression" and "high arousal" and lower on the personality dimension "amicability". A welfare assessment protocol including reaction toward humans (Shelter Quality Protocol), and in-kennel observations were used to assess the effect of the long-term stay. LT dogs tended to show more signs of aggression toward an unfamiliar human, but welfare assessment revealed no difference. During resting periods, LT dogs spent more time resting head up and had more bouts resting head down. Prior to feeding, they stood, vocalised, and yawned more. LT dogs are characterised by specific features such as being aroused easily and having difficulties to relax. Whether this is a result of the long-term stay or personality-associated, consequently causing lower adoption rates, remains to be determined.
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