ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
When Does the Cytokine Storm Begin in COVID-19 Patients? A Quick Score to Recognize It.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Phenotypic Alterations of CD8+ and CD8- CD56+ NK Cell Subsets in Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Disease.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Gene Variants in Severe COVID-19 Cytokine Storm Syndrome.Viruses · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Receptor Expression Profiles of MAIT Cells in Moderate and Severe COVID-19.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Article
- A stretchable human lung-on-chip model of alveolar inflammation for evaluating anti-inflammatory drug response.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Development of Preliminary Criteria of Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in Children.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Treatment of Acute and Long-COVID, Diabetes, Myocardial Infarction, and Alzheimer's Disease: The Potential Role of a Novel Nano-Compound-The Transdermal Glutathione-Cyclodextrin Complex.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Role of epinephrine in attenuating cytokine storm, decreasing ferritin, and inhibiting ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Pneumonia and Cytokine Storm Syndrome.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Can there be calm during a cytokine storm? Immune checkpoint pathways affecting the severity of COVID-19 disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Criteria for Cytokine Storm Syndromes.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Sigma Receptor Ligands Prevent COVID Mortality In Vivo: Implications for Future Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Repurposing of drugs targeting the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2.British journal of pharmacology · 2023Review
- Assessment of Admission COVID-19 Associated Hyperinflammation Syndrome Score in Critically-Ill COVID-19 Patients.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2023Article
- A Retrospective Assessment of Laboratory Findings and Cytokine Markers in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Patients of Roma Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Human cardiac organoids to model COVID-19 cytokine storm induced cardiac injuries.Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2022Article
- The Use of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in the Treatment of a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19 Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Pulmonary therapy · 2022Article
- COVID-19: Main findings after a year and half of unease and the proper scientific progress (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- Over the counter drugs and self-medication: A worldwide paranoia and a troublesome situation in India during the COVID-19 pandemic.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a vaccinated adult with COVID-19.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has rapidly spread across the world, becoming a pandemic. The "cytokine storm" (CS) in COVID-19 leads to the worst stage of illness, and its timely control through immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and cytokine antagonists may be the key to reducing mortality. After reviewing published studies, we proposed a Cytokine Storm Score (CSs) to identify patients who were in this hyperinflammation state, and at risk of progression and poorer outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed 31 patients admitted to Infectious Disease Department in "St. Maria" Hospital in Terni with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, and analyzed the "CS score" (CSs) and the severity of COVID-19. Then we conducted a prospective study of COVID-19 patients admitted after the definition of the CSscore. This is the first study that proposes and applies a new score to quickly identify COVID-19 patients who are in a hyperinflammation stage, to rapidly treat them in order to reduce the risk of intubation. CSs can accurately identify COVID-19 patients in the early stages of a CS, to conduct timely, safe, and effect administration of immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and cytokine antagonists, to prevent progression and reduce mortality.
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