ReviewNutrients2021
Current Evidence on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in ADHD Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07665658 (Effectiveness of Neuroplasticity-Targeted Supplements on Neuroinflammatory Markers, ADHD Symptom Severity, and Clinical Scores in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 81 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Neuroplasticity-Targeted Supplements on Neuroinflammatory Markers, ADHD Symptom Severity, and Clinical Scores in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dietary Carbohydrates and ADHD Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Microbiome dynamics in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis decoding the role of gut dysbiosis and potential dietary interventions.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of nutritional supplements on gut microbiome in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal Prenatal Stress and the Offspring Gut Microbiome: A Cross-Species Systematic Review.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Pooled it
- The interactions between host genome and gut microbiome increase the risk of psychiatric disorders: Mendelian randomization and biological annotation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Pooled it
- Growth and neuro-developmental outcomes of probiotic supplemented preterm infants-a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Probiotics on the Symptomatology of Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Pilot Study.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Trial
- Exploring the impact of probiotics on adult ADHD management through a double-blind RCT.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Add-OnNutrients · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Microbiome signatures correlate with diet-mediated ADHD symptom reduction.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Does the Gut Microbiota Play a Role in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood? A Pilot Study From Turkey.Developmental neurobiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Gut Microbiome and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence and Practice Implications.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Review
- Metabolic Dysregulation in ADHD: Implications for Appetite, Sleep, Stress Reactivity, and Pharmacological Treatment.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota shapes the effects of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on skin and hair follicle homeostasis.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Integrated Gut-Brain Metabolic Model for ADHD.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Neonatal gut Bifidobacterium associates with indole-3-lactic acid levels in blood and risk of ADHD at age 10.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Microbiota-driven mechanisms in multisystem diseases: integrative evidence across cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological and autoimmune disorders.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Host genetic variation and gut microbiome in pediatric diseases.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Studies suggest that the bidirectional relationship existent between the gut microbiome (GM) and the central nervous system (CNS), or so-called the microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA), is involved in diverse neuropsychiatric diseases in children and adults. In pediatric age, most studies have focused on patients with autism. However, evidence of the role played by the MGBA in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, is still scanty and heterogeneous. This review aims to provide the current evidence on the functioning of the MGBA in pediatric patients with ADHD and the specific role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in this interaction, as well as the potential of the GM as a therapeutic target for ADHD. We will explore: (1) the diverse communication pathways between the GM and the CNS; (2) changes in the GM composition in children and adolescents with ADHD and association with ADHD pathophysiology; (3) influence of the GM on the ω-3 PUFA imbalance characteristically found in ADHD; (4) interaction between the GM and circadian rhythm regulation, as sleep disorders are frequently comorbid with ADHD; (5) finally, we will evaluate the most recent studies on the use of probiotics in pediatric patients with ADHD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.