ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
RETRACTED: Liraglutide Has Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Amyloid Properties in Streptozotocin-Induced and 5xFAD Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of diabetes on microglial physiology: a systematic review of in vitro, preclinical and clinical studies.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Pooled it
- Liraglutide in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a phase 2b clinical trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Elevated endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 as a novel Alzheimer's disease biomarker associated with neuroinflammation and Aβ pathology.General psychiatry · 2026Article
- RETRACTED: Paladugu et al. Liraglutide Has Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Amyloid Properties in Streptozotocin-Induced and 5xFAD Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Converging neurotrophic-immune signaling in autism spectrum disorder: integrative roles of klotho, GDNF/GFRA-1, IGF-1 and GLP-1 pathways.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- GLP-1 and Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Biology, Mechanisms and Efficacy.Cells · 2026Review
- Article
- GLP-1 and the Degenerating Brain: Exploring Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Engineered GLP-1R-targeting nanoplatforms: multimodal therapeutics in human diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Approaching therapy of Alzheimer's disease via the antidiabetic drug liraglutide-a study with streptozotocin intracerebroventricularly treated Wistar rats.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Incretin-Based Therapies in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: Advancing Neuroprotection With Dual and Triple Agonists-A Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Targeting Fyn Kinase for Alleviation of Cognitive Impairment in Streptozocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Mice by Loperamide; An Experimental and in Silico Analysis.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Expression of Concern: Paladugu et al. Liraglutide Has Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Amyloid Properties in Streptozotocin-Induced and 5xFAD Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Antidiabetic GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Have Neuroprotective Properties in Experimental Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pathway-based network medicine identifies novel natural products for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- Reduction of Neuroinflammation as a Common Mechanism of Action of Anorexigenic and Orexigenic Peptide Analogues in the Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer´s Disease.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Drugs repurposing in the experimental models of Alzheimer's disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- The Beneficial Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Other than Their Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obesity Properties.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Expression of concern
- Retracted
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent clinical and epidemiological studies support the contention that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a strong risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The use of insulin cell toxin, streptozotocin (STZ), when injected into the lateral ventricles, develops an insulin resistant brain state (IRBS) and represents a non-transgenic, or sporadic AD model (SAD), with several AD-like neuropathological features. The present study explored the effects of an anti-diabetic drug, liraglutide (LIR), in reversing major pathological hallmarks in the prodromal disease stage of both the 5xFAD transgenic and SAD mouse models of AD. Three-month-old 5xFAD and age-matched wild type mice were given a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of STZ or vehicle (saline) and were subsequently treated with LIR, intraperitoneally (IP), once a day for 30 days. The extent of neurodegeneration, Aβ plaque load, and key proteins associated with the insulin signaling pathways were measured using Western blot and neuroinflammation (via immunohistological assays) in the cortical and hippocampal regions of the brain were assessed following a series of behavioral tests used to measure cognitive function after LIR or vehicle treatments. Our results indicated that STZ significantly increased neuroinflammation, Aβ plaque deposition and disrupted insulin signaling pathway, while 25 nmol/kg LIR, when injected IP, significantly decreased neuroinflammatory responses in both SAD and 5xFAD mice before significant cognitive changes were observed, suggesting LIR can reduce early neuropathology markers prior to the emergence of overt memory deficits. Our results indicate that LIR has neuroprotective effects and has the potential to serve as an anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloid prophylactic therapy in the prodromal stages of AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.