ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
The Neuromelanin Paradox and Its Dual Role in Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fungal Melanins as Potential Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Neuroprotective Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multifunctional Melanin Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Biomedical Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tyrosinase-Mediated Oxidation of Endocannabinoid and Endovanilloid N-Arachidonoyl Dopamine and N-Arachidonoyl Tyrosine.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Reimagining the contribution of iron in Parkinson's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Review
- Melanin as a Redox Hub: Linking Energy Flow to Genome Stability and Immune Control.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2026Review
- Locus coeruleus degeneration is associated with cortical tau deposition and cognitive decline in older adults at familial risk of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Semi-Automated Neuromelanin-Sensitive MRI Reveals Substantia Nigra Volume Reduction in Early Parkinson's Disease with Moderate Diagnostic Performance.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex-dependent locus coeruleus vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease: gut dysbiosis as a driver and probiotic intervention as rescue.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Dopaminergic Neuron Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Glial Cells in the Early Stages of Neurodegeneration: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Influence of Nitrative Stress on the Synthesis of Neuromelanin Model Systems.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Automated Locus Coeruleus segmentation and age-related signal changes across Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI and T1/T2-weighted images.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Age-related differences in locus coeruleus intensity across a demographically diverse sample.Neurobiology of aging · 2025Article
- CXCL14 in prostate cancer: complex interactions in the tumor microenvironment and future prospects.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- The Skin-Brain Axis: From UV and Pigmentation to Behaviour Modulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neuromodulatory subcortical nucleus integrity is associated with white matter microstructure, tauopathy and APOE status.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Unraveling the Epigenetic Landscape: Insights into Parkinson's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Multiple Sclerosis.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Human brains preserve in diverse environments for at least 12 000 years.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Animal Approaches to Studying Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increasing dysfunction of key brain homeostasis mechanisms and represents the main risk factor across most neurodegenerative disorders. However, the degree of dysregulation and the affectation of specific pathways set apart normal aging from neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, the neuronal metabolism of catecholaminergic neurotransmitters appears to be a specifically sensitive pathway that is affected in different neurodegenerations. In humans, catecholaminergic neurons are characterized by an age-related accumulation of neuromelanin (NM), rendering the soma of the neurons black. This intracellular NM appears to serve as a very efficient quencher for toxic molecules. However, when a neuron degenerates, NM is released together with its load (many undegraded cellular components, transition metals, lipids, xenobiotics) contributing to initiate and worsen an eventual immune response, exacerbating the oxidative stress, ultimately leading to the neurodegenerative process. This review focuses on the analysis of the role of NM in normal aging and neurodegeneration related to its capabilities as an antioxidant and scavenging of harmful molecules, versus its involvement in oxidative stress and aberrant immune response, depending on NM saturation state and its extracellular release.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.