ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Immunological Dysfunction in Tourette Syndrome and Related Disorders.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers and Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Profiles of Proinflammatory Cytokines and T Cells in Patients With Tourette Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Mindful energy balance exercise protocol as an adjunctive intervention for pediatric tourette syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Clinical efficacy of Shaomazhijing granules in the treatment of Tourette's syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.Hereditas · 2025Trial
- Neuroimmune Links to White-matter Microstructure in Medication-naïve Children with Tic Disorder: A Mediation Analysis.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Serotonergic psychedelics induce distinct patterns of metabolic activity and covariance within biologically informed rat brain networks.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical significance of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin levels in children with tic disorders.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Shao-Ma-Zhi-Jing granules alleviate Tourette Syndrome by modulating the cAMP/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, T cell differentiation, microglia, and gut microbiota.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Tic Alleviation in Tourette Syndrome: The Role of Micronutrients.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Exploring the Immunomodulatory Role of Forkhead Box Protein 3 (FOXP3) in the Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Harnessing the microbiota-gut-brain axis to prevent and treat pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders: translational insights and strategies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Prevalence and treatment response of neuropsychiatric disorders in mast cell activation syndrome.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Clonidine Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in the Rat Model of Tourette Syndrome.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation and pathways that contribute to tourette syndrome.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Unpacking Tourette Syndrome in Children: Insights into Prevalence and Comorbidities from NSCH Data.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Brain Iron Alteration in Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- MicroRNA-429 Inhibits Microglial Inflammation by TargetingMediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- [Advances in the application of comprehensive behavioral intervention in tic disorder].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic tic disorder and Tourette syndrome are common childhood-onset neurological diseases. However, the pathophysiology underlying these disorders is unclear, and most studies have focused on the disinhibition of the corticostriatal-thalamocortical circuit. An autoimmune dysfunction has been proposed in the pathogenetic mechanism of Tourette syndrome and related neuropsychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This is based on evidence from animal model studies and clinical findings. Herein, we review and give an update on the clinical characteristics, clinical evidence, and genetic studies in vitro as well as animal studies regarding immune dysfunction in Tourette syndrome.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.