ReviewJournal of functional morphology and kinesiology2018
Effect of Attentional Focus Instructions on Motor Learning and Performance of Patients with Central Nervous System and Musculoskeletal Disorders: a Systematic Review.
Review in Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combining various acupuncture therapies with multimodal analgesia to enhance postoperative pain management following total knee arthroplasty: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of scapular stabilization exercises on subacromial pain (impingement) syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Physical activity after revision knee arthroplasty including return to sport and work: a systematic review and meta-analysis including GRADE.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of yoga for the management of chronic low back pain: an overview of systematic reviews.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- How can instructions and feedback with external focus be shaped to enhance motor learning in children? A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Comparing the Effects of Differential Learning, Self-Controlled Feedback, and External Focus of Attention Training on Biomechanical Risk Factors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- The Effect of Different Attentional Focus Instructions during Finger Movement Tasks in Healthy Subjects: An Exploratory Study.BioMed research international · 2017Trial
- Effect of external versus internal focus of attention instructions on gait performance in people with multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Short-Term Effects of Targeted Movement Training on Gait Kinematics in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Motion Analysis Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Changes in the Brain with an External Focus of Attention: Neural Correlates.Exercise and sport sciences reviews · 2025Review
- Physiotherapists' Use of Attentional Focus Instructions and Feedback in the Philippines: A Survey Study.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2025Article
- Motor Control Exercises and Their Design for Short-Term Pain Modulation in Patients with Pelvic Girdle Pain: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of physiological fatigue on basketball shooting performance: the moderating role of attentional focus.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Limits of Stability during a Therapeutic Exercise Intervention for Instability: Progression, Responders' and Non-Responders' Analysis and Predictors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Outcomes of Patients with Lower Limb Loss after Using a Training Prosthesis: A Retrospective Case Series Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Test-retest, intra- and inter-rater reliability of the reactive balance test in patients with chronic ankle instability.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- A criteria-based progressive rehabilitation program for rectus femoris strain in a recreational soccer player: a case report.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Clinical and radiomics feature-based outcome analysis in lumbar disc herniation surgery.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Deltoid Muscle Tension Alterations Post Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: An Investigation Using Shear Wave Elastography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exercise is one of the main rehabilitative interventions, commonly used to improve performance and motor learning. During the application of attentional focus strategies, External Focus of Attention (EFA) aiming at the movement effect has been reported to have more efficacy than Internal Focus of Attention (IFA) aiming at movement characteristics in healthy subjects. There are not many studies that compare the EFA and IFA instructions in people with Musculoskeletal (MSK) and Central Nervous System disorders (CNS). The purpose of this systematic review is to determine if IFA or EFA, in patients with CNS or MSK, may improve performance and have some effects on motor learning. Databases used for research: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PEDro, PsycINFO, SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria: Randomized Controlled Trial, quasi-Randomized Controlled Trial, enrolled subjects with CNS or with MSK and compared the efficacy of EFA and IFA. The studies suggest that the EFA is better than IFA in affecting the movement execution in patients with MSK, while conflicted findings emerge in presence of CNS disorders. Studies included in the qualitative analysis showed heterogeneous methodological features in study design and conductance, so results must be interpreted with caution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.